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中性子ビームによる氷天体の構造解明; 強誘電性の発現と物質進化

The Existence of ferroelectric ice on icy bodies in space; A Neutron diffraction study

深澤 裕

Fukazawa, Hiroshi

粉末中性子回折の実験から、強誘電体の氷が発生する温度と圧力,成長に要する時間等を研究した。その結果に基づいて、冥王星などの氷の天体に、表面から内部にかけて強誘電体の氷が存在するとの仮説を提案した。この仮説の実証に必要な観測方法を考案している。強誘電性の氷の構造と性質は、物質の進化や惑星の形成と密接にかかわっている可能性があり、中性子ビームを用いてその全容の解明に取り組んでいる。現在、探査機が冥王星に近づいているが、大量の強誘電性氷が発見されることを期待している。

The complex behavior of water and the unusual properties of ferroelectric ice XI continue to attract much interest. Whether ice in the space exists as ice XI, is an important question, because long range electrostatic forces caused by the ferroelectricity might be an important factor for planet formation. From neutron diffraction experiments, we found the temperature and pressure conditions for the transformation of the largest fraction of ice into ferroelectric ice. It suggests that myriad big icy-bodies, which exist as dwarf planets and Kuiper Belt Object, consist of thick ferroelectric-ice surface. Furthermore, we report spectral and vibrational properties of ferroelectric ice investigated by inelastic neutron scattering and infrared absorption measurements. Because the spectral properties of ferroelectric ice are clearly different from those of ordinary ice, the distinct ferroelectric ice in the universe is detectable using infrared telescopes and planetary exploration.

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