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土中水分観測手法としての光ファイバー計測技術の開発(共同研究)

Developing the soil moisture sensor using optical fiber technique (Joint research)

小松 満*; 西垣 誠*; 瀬尾 昭治*; 平田 洋一*; 竹延 千良*; 田岸 宏孝*; 國丸 貴紀; 前川 恵輔  ; 山本 陽一; 戸井田 克*; 中野 勝志*

Komatsu, Mitsuru*; Nishigaki, Makoto*; Seno, Shoji*; Hirata, Yoichi*; Takenobu, Kazuyoshi*; Tagishi, Hirotaka*; Kunimaru, Takanori; Maekawa, Keisuke; Yamamoto, Yoichi; Toida, Masaru*; Nakano, Katsushi*

本研究は、地下水流動解析の上部境界条件として必要となる地下水涵養量を土壌に浸透した水分量から求める手法に着目し、その算定手法の体系化と現場で安定して長期間計測可能なシステムの構築を目的として実施した。計測システムの開発においては、多点かつ長距離に渡る計測が可能な光ファイバーの歪計測原理を、サクションによる圧力計測,土中湿度計測,吸水膨張材を適用した体積含水率計測の3方式に適用する場合についてそれぞれ検討した。さらに、浅層における降水の土中への浸透量を直接的に計測する手法として、現地水分量の計測結果から直接浸透量を算定する手法と、不飽和透水係数の値から浸透量を推定する手法について現地に計測機器を設置してその有効性を確認した。

This research focused on methods of estimating the amounts of groundwater recharge, which are normally required as upper boundary conditions in groundwater flow analyses, based on measurements of infiltrating water in the ground, to systematize the methods and establish systems which are stable and measurable on site over a long time. Regarding developing measurement systems, fiber-optic strain measurement methods that enable multiple-point and long-distance measurement were used for measuring three quantities: suction pressure, soil moisture and volumetric water content rate obtained by applying water absorption swelling material, and each measurement was discussed. The results showed that the fiber-optic soil aquameter has two types of practical application: one for measuring suction pressure (Type I), and the other for measuring volumetric water content rate obtained by applying water absorption swelling material (Type III). Furthermore, by using measurement instruments in actual fields, the validity of the two methods for estimating the rainfall infiltration capacities of shallow-layer soils, that is, estimating the capacities either directly by measurements of soil water or from unsaturated hydraulic conductivities, was confirmed.

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