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重大事故対処策を考慮した再処理施設の蒸発乾固事故解析

Accident analysis of evaporation to dryness by boiling of reprocessed high level liquid waste at fuel reprocessing facilities with considering severe accident measures

吉田 一雄 

Yoshida, Kazuo

再処理施設では、長時間の全交流電源の喪失等により冷却機能が失われると、放射性廃液を内包する貯槽中の廃液が沸騰し、蒸発により乾固に至る事故(蒸発乾固事故)が、重大事故の一つとして想定される。この事故では、放射性物質は沸騰により発生する蒸気等に搬送され施設外へ移行すると考えられ、事故の影響を緩和する重大事故対処策として、廃液貯槽に水を注水し、乾固に至るのを防止するとともに、発生した蒸気を仮設配管で建屋内の大空間へ誘導し蒸気を凝縮させる対策が考えられている。本報では、仮想的な再処理施設を対象に重大事故対処策を考慮した事故シナリオを想定し、貯槽を含めた施設内で水蒸気等の熱流動およびエアロゾルの挙動を計算コードを用いて解析し、事故対処策が放射性物質の施設外への移行軽減に及ぼす効果について考察した。

An accident of evaporation to dryness by boiling of high level liquid waste is postulated as one of the severe accidents caused by the loss of cooling function at a fuel reprocessing plant. In this case, some amount of fission products (FPs) will be transferred to the vapor phase in the tank, and could be released to the environment. Two mitigative accident measures have been proposed by the licensee. One of them is injecting cold water to waste tanks to prevent dryness and another is leading generated vapor through temporary duct to huge spaces in the facility to condense to liquid. Thermal-hydraulics and aerosol transport behaviors in compartments of a typical facility building have been analyzed based on the scenario with these accident measures. The effects of measures are discussed form a view point of the reduction of radioactive material release to environment.

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