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長野県柳沢遺跡における青銅器の埋蔵環境と青銅器由来成分の挙動

Burial environment of bronze artifacts and behavior of bronze metal components at Yanagisawa archaeological site in Nagano Prefecture

三ツ井 誠一郎  ; 村上 隆*; 上田 典男*; 平林 彰*; 廣田 和穂*

Mitsui, Seiichiro; Murakami, Ryu*; Ueda, Norio*; Hirabayashi, Akira*; Hirota, Kazuho*

長野県中野市の柳沢遺跡から出土した弥生時代の銅鐸及び銅戈の埋蔵環境を調査した結果、赤銅鉱が安定に存在しうる、比較的酸素の影響を受けにくい条件であったことが確認できた。また、土壌中の青銅器由来成分の分布を調査した結果、Cu及びPbは、埋納坑から少なくとも2m程度離れた場所まで移動しているのに対し、Snは青銅器近傍に残存する傾向があることが確認できた。これらの挙動の違いは各元素の溶解度の違いによって説明することができる。また、Snの挙動は青銅器の長期腐食状態に影響している可能性がある。

Well-preserved bronze artifacts comprising five bells and eight halberds from the Yayoi Period were excavated at the Yanagisawa archaeological site in Nakano City, Nagano Prefecture in 2007. Comprehensive analysis of soil and groundwater samples at the site was carried out and geochemical calculations were made to better understand the local conditions that led to the artifacts being so well preserved. Analysis of the soil surface adjacent to the bronze artifacts identified cuprite (Cu$$_{2}$$O) as the main corrosion product. Migration behavior of the bronze metal components, copper, tin, and lead, both inside and outside of the burial pit, was also investigated. Copper and lead had migrated 2 m from the burial pit, whereas tin was confined to the immediate vicinity of the bronze artifacts. The difference in migration behavior of these elements can be explained in terms of the chemical stability of the solid phases. The main factor contributing to the well-preserved state of the bronze artifacts was the tin content, which is thought to have formed a protective layer of cassiterite (SnO$$_{2}$$) on the outer surface of the bronze artifacts.

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