Development of risk assessment code for dismantling of radioactive components in decommissioning stage of nuclear reactor facilities

原子炉施設の廃止措置段階における放射性機器の解体作業に対するリスク評価コードの開発

島田 太郎 ; 笹川 剛  ; 三輪 一爾 ; 高井 静霞 ; 武田 聖司 

Shimada, Taro; Sasagawa, Tsuyoshi; Miwa, Kazuji; Takai, Shizuka; Takeda, Seiji

原子力発電所の廃止措置段階の原子力規制検査をリスク情報に基づいて実施する必要があるが、このリスクを定量的に評価する手法が整備されていない。そこで、本研究では、廃止措置安全評価コードDecAssessをもとに、廃止措置段階で発生する可能性のある事故事象のイベントツリーを整備し、解体対象機器ごとに事故シーケンス別被ばく線量と発生確率から放射線リスクを評価するコードDecAssess-Rを開発した。その際にHEPAフィルタなどに蓄積し、事故時に一挙に放出される可能性のある移動可能な放射能量が解体作業の進展に伴って時間的空間的に変動することを考慮した。起因事象は廃止措置段階及び類似する分解・交換作業における国内外のトラブル情報を調査した結果をもとに設定し、その起因事象からイベントツリーを構築した。また、事象発生頻度は一般産業の情報も参考に、事象進展確率は運転段階の機器故障確率などをもとに設定した。このとき、廃止措置の進展に伴って削減される安全機能を解体作業スケジュールに沿って設定できるようにした。米国参考BWRを対象に解体作業を設定してリスク評価を行った。その結果、炉内構造物の解体作業時に火災が発生して、周囲に一時保管されていた放射性物質を含む可燃物やフィルタ類に延焼する場合に公衆被ばく線量が最大になった。本事象は、事故シーケンスの発生確率も大きいため、最大の放射線リスクを示した。

Nuclear regulatory inspection should be performed on the basis of the risk information during the decommissioning phase of the nuclear power plant. However, it is difficult because the methodology for quantitatively assessing the radiation exposure risk during decommissioning activities has not been established. Therefore, a decommissioning risk assessment code, DecAssess-R, has been developed based on the decommissioning safety assessment code, DecAssess, which creates event trees from initiating events and evaluates the radiation risk resulting from public exposure dose for each accident sequence. The assessment took into account that mobile radioactive inventories that can be easily dispersed in the work area, such as radioactive dust accumulated in HEPA filters attached to a contamination control enclosure, will fluctuate with the progress of the decommissioning work. Initiating events were selected based on the investigation of accidents and malfunctions during dismantling, disassembly, and component replacement activities around the world, and event trees were created from the initiating events to indicate the progress scenario. The frequencies of occurrence were determined with reference to general industry data in addition to the above accidents and malfunctions, and the probabilities of event progression were determined with reference to failure data during the operation phase. The exposure risks during dismantling of components in the reference BWR were evaluated. As a result, the public exposure dose was maximum in case of fire during dismantling of reactor internals and fire spread to combustibles and filters, including radioactivity temporarily stored in the work area. The exposure risk was also maximum because the probability of occurrence of this accident sequence was greater than that of other scenarios.