Production rates of long-lived radionuclides Be and Al under direct muon-induced spallation in granite quartz and its implications for past high-energy cosmic ray fluxes

Sakurai, Hirohisa*; Kurebayashi, Yutaka*; Suzuki, Soichiro*; Horiuchi, Kazuho*; Takahashi, Yui*; Doshita, Norihiro*; Kikuchi, Satoshi*; Tokanai, Fuyuki*; Iwata, Naoyoshi*; Tajima, Yasushi*; et al.

Physical Review D, 109(10), p.102005_1 - 102005_18, 2024/05

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.109.102005

Secular variations of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) are inseparably associated with the galactic activities and should reflect the environments of the local galactic magnetic field, interstellar clouds, and nearby supernova remnants. The high-energy muons produced in the atmosphere by high-energy GCRs can penetrate deep underground and generate radioisotopes in the rock. As long lived radionuclides such as Be and Al have been accumulating in these rocks, concentrations of Be and Al can be used to estimate the long-term variations in high-energy muon yields, corresponding to those in the high-energy GCRs over a few million years. This study measured the production cross sections for muon induced Be and Al by irradiating positive muons with the momentum of 160 GeV/c on the synthetic silica plates and the granite core at the COMPASS experiment line in CERN SPS. In addition, it the contributions of the direct muon spallation reaction and the nuclear reactions by muon-induced particles on the production of long lived radionuclides in the rocks were clarified.

Practical guide on soil sampling, treatment, and carbon isotope analysis for carbon cycle studies

Koarashi, Jun; Atarashi-Andoh, Mariko; Nagano, Hirohiko*; Sugiharto, U.*; Saengkorakot, C.*; Suzuki, Takashi; Kokubu, Yoko; Fujita, Natsuko; Kinoshita, Naoki; Nagai, Haruyasu; et al.

JAEA-Technology 2020-012, 53 Pages, 2020/10

JAEA-Technology-2020-012.pdf:3.71MB

There is growing concern that recent rapid changes in climate and environment could have a significant influence on carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems (especially forest ecosystems) and could consequently lead to a positive feedback for global warming. The magnitude and timing of this feedback remain highly uncertain largely due to a lack of quantitative understanding of the dynamics of organic carbon stored in soils and its responses to changes in climate and environment. The tracing of radiocarbon (natural and bomb-derived C) and stable carbon (C) isotopes through terrestrial ecosystems can be a powerful tool for studying soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. The primary aim of this guide is to promote the use of isotope-based approaches to improve our understanding of the carbon cycling in soils, particularly in the Asian region. The guide covers practical methods of soil sampling; treatment and fractionation of soil samples; preparation of soil samples for C (and stable nitrogen isotope, N) and C analyses; and C, N, and C measurements by the use of isotope ratio mass spectrometry and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The guide briefly introduces ways to report C data, which are frequently used for soil carbon cycling studies. The guide also reports results of a case study conducted in a Japanese forest ecosystem, as a practical application of the use of isotope-based approaches. This guide is mainly intended for researchers who are interested but are not experienced in this research field. The guide will hopefully encourage readers to participate in soil carbon cycling studies, including field works, laboratory experiments, isotope analyses, and discussions with great interest.

Grain size dependence of meteoric Be concentrations in bed-sediments of Ado and Yasu rivers flowing into Lake Biwa

Fujisawa, Jumpei*; Minami, Masayo*; Kokubu, Yoko; Matsuzaki, Hiroyuki*

JAEA-Conf 2018-002, p.91 - 94, 2019/02

https://doi.org/10.11484/jaea-conf-2018-002

Beryllium-10 (Be) of a cosmogenic nuclide precipitates in forms of BeO and Be(OH) attaching with aerosol on the Earth surface. It is accumulated on the sea- and lake-bottoms. Recently, the meteoric Be is attracting attention as a powerful tool for investigating the past climate change, because it is affected by the earth- and lorcal- cyclical changes of materials such as atmosphere and water circulation. The Be exists mostly as hydroxide at pH 5, and is easy to adhere to soil and mineral surface. Therefore, Be concentration in sediment could be influenced by its grain size composition because fine-grained sediment has a big surface area per unit mass. The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between Be concentrations and the grain-size of river sediments. The samples used were bottom-sediments of 18 rivers flowing into Lake Biwa, Japan. The sediments were sieved to 5 fractions and analyzed each for Be concentration by JAEA-AMS-TONO.

Growth of single-phase nanostructured ErO thin films on Si (100) by ion beam sputter deposition

Mao, W.*; Fujita, Masaya*; Chikada, Takumi*; Yamaguchi, Kenji; Suzuki, Akihiro*; Terai, Takayuki*; Matsuzaki, Hiroyuki*

Surface & Coatings Technology, 283, p.241 - 246, 2015/12

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.10.060

Single-phase nanocrystalline thin films of ErO (440) has been first prepared using Si (100) substrates by ion beam sputter deposition at 973 K at a pressure of 10 Pa and - annealing at 1023 K at a pressure of 10 Pa. Er silicides formed during the deposition are eliminated via the annealing, which results in the single phase and the smooth surface of the ErO thin films. The epitaxial relationship between Si (100) and ErO (110) is clarified by X-ray diffraction and reflection high energy electron diffraction.

SEU testing using cocktail ion beams

Nemoto, N.*; Shindo, Hiroyuki*; *; Kuboyama, Satoshi*; Oshima, Takeshi; Ito, Hisayoshi; Nashiyama, Isamu; Matsuda, Sumio*

Proceedings of 3rd International Workshop on Radiation Effects on Semiconductor Devices for Space Application, p.154 - 159, 1998/00

no abstracts in English

A Study of sample preparation for I AMS analysis; Application to radioactive waste and irradiated rocks samples

Katayama, Atsushi; Ishimori, Kenichiro; Kameo, Yutaka; Suzuki, Takashi; Kinno, Masaharu*; Kimura, Kenichi*; Matsuzaki, Hiroyuki*; Nakashima, Mikio

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English

Migration of iodine in diatomaceous and siliceous shales based on speciation and I/I analysis I/I

Shimamoto, Yoko*; Takahashi, Yoshio*; Amano, Yuki; Matsuzaki, Hiroyuki*; Muramatsu, Yasuyuki*; Iwatsuki, Teruki

no journal, , 

We determined iodine distribution, speciation, and isotope ratio (I/I), to investigate long-term migration of iodine in diatomaceous and siliceous shales, using core and groundwater samples collected at JAEA Horonobe underground research center. Iodine in core samples dramatically decreased near the boundary between Wk and Kt Formations. Iodine exists as I in groundwater, while that in shales is a mixture of organic and inorganic I. Iodine isotope ratio (I/I) is slightly higher in siliceous shale compared with that of groundwater. According to these results, migration of iodine in this area can be expected as follows; (1) iodine accumulated as organic iodine in siliceous sediment. (2) Iodine was released from Wk Formation during diagenetic process as I to form iodine-rich groundwater. (3) Iodine-rich groundwater was distributed to Wk and Kt Formations due to the compaction of the layers. (4) Both iodine and chlorine were diluted by freshwater from the surface.

Measurement of Be with JAEA-AMS-TONO

Kokubu, Yoko; Matsubara, Akihiro; Nishizawa, Akimitsu*; Owaki, Yoshio*; Nishio, Tomohiro*; Ishimaru, Tsuneari; Matsuzaki, Hiroyuki*

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English

Cesium isotopic ratio variation about cesium dissolved in river water and included bottom sediment after the FDNPP accident

Tomita, Ryohei*; Matsunaka, Tetsuya*; Honda, Maki*; Satou, Yukihiko; Matsumura, Masumi*; Takahashi, Tsutomu*; Sakaguchi, Aya*; Matsuzaki, Hiroyuki*; Sasa, Kimikazu*; Sueki, Keisuke*

no journal, , 

no abstracts in English