Numerical analysis for FP speciation in VERDON-2 experiment; Chemical re-vaporization of iodine in air ingress condition

塩津 弘之; 伊藤 裕人*; 杉山 智之; 丸山 結

Annals of Nuclear Energy, 163, p.108587_1 - 108587_9, 2021/12

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2021.108587

In the late phase of severe accident in light water reactor nuclear power station, re-mobilization of fission products (FPs) has a significant impact on the source term because most portion of FPs is retained in reactor coolant system and/or containment vessel. Recently, VERDON-2 experiment showed noticeable re-vaporization, which was one of the re-mobilization phenomena, of iodine under air ingress condition, but this mechanism has not been identified yet. The present study numerically investigated the FPs behaviors in VERDON-2 experiment with the mechanistic FPs transport analysis code incorporating thermodynamic chemical equilibrium model in order to further understand nature for FPs behavior, especially iodine re-vaporization under air ingress condition. Consequently, this analysis reproduced the deposition profile of cesium, one of important FPs in the source term, along the thermal gradient tube (TGT) in the experiment, which revealed that cesium was transported as CsOH in early phase of FP release from fuel, and then formed CsMoO and CsTe after the release of molybdenum and tellurium was activated. Regarding iodine as another important FP, formation of CsI was predicted in steam condition. The CsI was transported and partly deposited and condensed onto the TGTs and other components of the VERDON facility. Under the air ingress condition, the present analysis showed the agreement for iodine re-vaporization in the experiment and revealed its mechanism; the deposits of iodide were chemical re-vaporized as molecular iodine (I) gas by redox reaction with competitive elements such as molybdenum, chromium and tellurium.

CHEMKEq; 化学平衡論及び反応速度論の部分混合モデルに基づく化学組成評価コード(受託研究)

伊藤 裕人*; 塩津 弘之; 田中 洋一*; 西原 慧径*; 杉山 智之; 丸山 結

JAEA-Data/Code 2018-012, 42 Pages, 2018/10

JAEA-Data-Code-2018-012.pdf:4.93MB

原子力施設事故時において施設内を移行する核分裂生成物(FP)の化学組成は、比較的遅い反応の影響を受けることにより化学平衡を仮定して評価した組成とは異なる場合が想定される。そのため、反応速度を考慮した化学組成評価が求められる。一方で、原子力施設事故時の複雑な反応に関する反応速度の知見は現状では限られており、実機解析に適用できるデータベースの構築に至っていない。そこで、FP化学組成評価における反応速度による不確かさの低減のため、化学平衡論及び反応速度論の部分混合モデルに基づく化学組成評価コードCHEMKEqを開発した。このモデルは、系全体の質量保存則の下、前駆平衡と見なせる化学種を化学平衡論モデルにより評価し、その後の比較的遅い反応を反応速度論モデルにより解くものである。さらにCHEMKEqは、本混合モデルに加え一般的な化学平衡論モデル及び反応速度論モデルが使用可能であり、かつ、それらモデル計算に必要なデータベースを外部ファイル形式とすることで汎用性の高い化学組成評価コードとなっている。本報は、CHEMKEqコードの使用手引書であり、モデル, 解法, コードの構成とその計算例を記す。また付録には、CHEMKEqコードを使用する上で必要な情報をまとめる。

An Integrated approach to source term uncertainty and sensitivity analysis for nuclear reactor severe accidents

Zheng, X.; 伊藤 裕人; 玉置 等史; 丸山 結

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 53(3), p.333 - 344, 2016/03

AA2014-0796.pdf:0.84MB

https://doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2015.1044262

Large-scale computer programs simulate severe accident phenomena and often have a moderate-to-large number of models and input variables. Analytical solutions to uncertainty distributions of interested source terms are impractical, and influential inputs on outputs are hard to discover. Additionally, runs of such computer programs, or integral codes, are time-consuming and hence expensive. This article presents an integrated approach to the uncertainty and sensitivity analysis for nuclear reactor severe accident source terms, with an example which simulates an accident sequence similar to that occurred at Unit 2 of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant using an integral code, MELCOR. Monte Carlo based uncertainty analysis has been elaborated to investigate released fractions of representative radionuclides, Cs and CsI. In order to estimate sensitivity of inputs, which have a substantial influence on the core melt progression and the transportation process of radionuclides, a variance decomposition method is applied. Stochastic process, specifically a Dirichlet process, is applied to construct a surrogate model in sensitivity analysis as a substitute of the code. The surrogate model is cross-validated by comparing with corresponding results of MELCOR. The analysis with the simpler model avoids laborious computational cost so that importance measures for input factors are obtained successfully.

Application of Bayesian nonparametric models to the uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of source term in a BWR severe accident

Zheng, X.; 伊藤 裕人; 川口 賢司; 玉置 等史; 丸山 結

Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 138, p.253 - 262, 2015/06

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2015.02.004

An important issue for nuclear severe accident is the source tern uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. Generally, thousands of cases are needed to reach a stable result of sensitivity analysis. Based on the limited data obtained by MELCOR analysis, in which the accident at Unit 2 of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant is used as an example, an approximate stochastic model has been constructed via Bayesian nonparametrics, specifically, the Dirichlet process. The advantage of a nonparametric model is that any deterministic function between explanatory and response variables is not necessary to be determined. The complexity of model will grow automatically as more actual data is observed. The approximate model saves the computational cost and makes it possible to complement thousands of Monte Carlo computation for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. Probability density functions of uncertainty analysis by MELCOR and the approximate model are obtained and compared. Two densities show great accordance that proves the good predictive ability of the stochastic model. The appropriateness of the approximate model is further validated by the cross-validation through the comparison with actual MELCOR results. Global sensitivity analysis by Sobol' sensitivity index has been performed with the approximate model. Three input parameters are ranked according to their respective influences on the output uncertainty based on first-order and total effect.

Generation of spin currents by surface plasmon resonance

内田 健一*; 安立 裕人; 菊池 大介*; 伊藤 俊*; Qiu, Z.*; 前川 禎通; 齊藤 英治

Nature Communications (Internet), 6, p.5910_1 - 5910_8, 2015/01

https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6910

Surface plasmons, free-electron collective oscillations in metallic nanostructures, provide abundant routes to manipulate light; electron interactions that can localize light energy and alter electromagnetic field distributions at subwavelength scales. The research field of plasmonics thus integrates nano-photonics with electronics. In contrast, electronics is also entering a new era of spintronics, where spin currents play a central role in driving devices. However, plasmonics and spin-current physics have so far been developed independently. Here we report the generation of spin currents by surface plasmon resonance. Using Au nanoparticles embedded in Pt/BiYFeO bilayer films, we show that, when the Au nanoparticles fulfill the surface-plasmon-resonance conditions, spin currents are generated across the Pt/BiYFeO interface.

Influence of in-vessel melt progression on uncertainty of source term during a severe accident

伊藤 裕人; Zheng, X.; 玉置 等史; 丸山 結

Proceedings of 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-22) (DVD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2014/07

https://doi.org/10.1115/ICONE22-30012

The influence of the in-vessel melt progression on the uncertainty of source terms was examined in the uncertainty analysis with integrated severe accident analysis code MELCOR (Ver. 1.8.5), taking the accident at Unit 2 of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant as an example. The 32 parameters selected from the rough screening analysis were sampled by Latin hypercube sampling technique in accordance with the uncertainty distributions specified for each parameter. The uncertainty distributions of the outputs were obtained through the uncertainty analysis with an assumption of the failure of drywell, including the source terms of the representative radioactive materials (Cs, CsI, Te and Ba), the total mass of in-vessel H generation and the total debris mass released from the reactor pressure vessel to the drywell. Based on various types of correlation coefficient for each parameter, 9 significant uncertain parameters potentially dominating the source terms were identified. These 9 parameters were transferred to the subsequent sensitivity and uncertainty analyses, in which the influence of the transportation of radioactive materials was taken into account.

Benchmark analysis on probabilistic fracture mechanics analysis codes concerning fatigue crack growth in aged piping of nuclear power plants

勝山 仁哉; 伊藤 裕人*; Li, Y.*; 小坂部 和也*; 鬼沢 邦雄; 吉村 忍*

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 117-118, p.56 - 63, 2014/05

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2013.10.010

原子力プラントの経年配管を対象として、国内では幾つかの確率論的破壊力学(PFM)解析コードの開発や改良が行われている。本研究では、原子力機構が開発を進めているPASCAL-SPと、原子力安全基盤機構が米国のPRAISEをもとに改良を進めているPRAISE-JNESを用いて、両コードの信頼性及び適用性を確かめるため、BWRのステンレス鋼管及び炭素鋼管を対象に、供用期間中の疲労き裂進展を考慮した破損確率に関するベンチマーク解析を行った。得られた結果に対して、複数のPFM解析コードを比較する際の相対誤差の許容値を定量的に判断する手法を新たに提案した。その提案手法に基づき、両解析コードにより算出された破損確率等の結果はよく一致することが示された。

Benchmark analysis on PFM analysis codes for aged piping of nuclear power plants

伊藤 裕人*; Li, Y.*; 小坂部 和也*; 鬼沢 邦雄; 吉村 忍*

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 26(7), p.2055 - 2058, 2012/07

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-012-0514-4

経年を考慮した安全上重要な原子炉配管の構造健全性を評価する合理的な手法として、確率論的破壊力学(PFM)が注目されている。国内ではPFM解析手法に基づき、原子力機構ではPASCAL-SPコード、原子力安全基盤機構ではPRAISE-JNESコードがそれぞれ開発されている。本論文では、両コードの解析精度を確認するために、沸騰水型原子力発電所の再循環系配管における応力腐食割れ(SCC)を対象に、破損確率に関するベンチマーク解析を行った。その結果、地震荷重の大きさや非破壊検査の有無等にかかわらず、両コードの解析結果は、十分に一致することを確認した。

原子炉配管溶接部における残留応力の不確かさ評価に基づく確率論的構造健全性評価

勝山 仁哉; 伊藤 裕人; 飛田 徹; 鬼沢 邦雄

溶接学会論文集(インターネット), 28(2), p.193 - 202, 2010/06

http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10030149961

配管溶接部に生じる引張残留応力は、応力腐食割れの駆動力となるため、構造健全性の観点で最も重要な因子の1つである。本研究では、配管突合せ溶接部試験体を対象として入熱量や溶接速度等の溶接条件を変化させた熱弾塑性解析を実施し、実測値との比較により妥当性を確認するとともに、溶接条件の不確かさが溶接残留応力に及ぼす影響を明らかにした。また、確率論的破壊力学解析コード(PASCAL-SP)を用いて、溶接残留応力にかかわる不確かさが破損確率に及ぼす影響を評価した結果、残留応力のばらつきが大きくなるほど、配管が破断に至る確率は増加することを示した。

Development of probabilistic fracture mechanics analysis codes for reactor pressure vessels and piping considering welding residual stress

鬼沢 邦雄; 西川 弘之; 伊藤 裕人

International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 87(1), p.2 - 10, 2010/01

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2009.11.011

原子炉圧力容器に関して、確率論的破壊力学解析コードPASCAL2における肉盛溶接部に関する評価機能の改良を行い、確率論的解析を実施した。具体的には、肉盛溶接部内ではき裂が進展しないようにき裂進展モデルを改良し、肉盛溶接に伴う残留応力を考慮して加圧熱衝撃時における原子炉圧力容器の破損確率解析を行った。解析結果から、肉盛溶接部の存在が条件付破壊確率に及ぼす影響を評価した。また、国内外の最新の知見に基づき、応力腐食割れ(SCC)を考慮して配管溶接部の破損確率を評価する確率論的破壊力学解析コードPASCAL-SPを開発した。配管溶接継手部における溶接残留応力分布の不確かさや、供用期間中検査におけるSCC検出性及びサイジング精度をモデル化し、PASCAL-SPに導入した。このPASCAL-SPを用いて、溶接残留応力の不確かさ及び供用期間中検査の検査程度が配管の破断確率に及ぼす影響を評価した。