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Kitazato, Kohei*; Milliken, R. E.*; Iwata, Takahiro*; Abe, Masanao*; Otake, Makiko*; Matsuura, Shuji*; Takagi, Yasuhiko*; Nakamura, Tomoki*; Hiroi, Takahiro*; Matsuoka, Moe*; et al.
Nature Astronomy (Internet), 5(3), p.246 - 250, 2021/03
Times Cited Count：44 Percentile：97.1(Astronomy & Astrophysics)Here we report observations of Ryugu's subsurface material by the Near-Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS3) on the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. Reflectance spectra of excavated material exhibit a hydroxyl (OH) absorption feature that is slightly stronger and peak-shifted compared with that observed for the surface, indicating that space weathering and/or radiative heating have caused subtle spectral changes in the uppermost surface. However, the strength and shape of the OH feature still suggests that the subsurface material experienced heating above 300 
C, similar to the surface. In contrast, thermophysical modeling indicates that radiative heating does not increase the temperature above 200 C at the estimated excavation depth of 1 m, even if the semimajor axis is reduced to 0.344 au. This supports the hypothesis that primary thermal alteration occurred due to radiogenic and/or impact heating on Ryugu's parent body.
Kitazato, Kohei*; Milliken, R. E.*; Iwata, Takahiro*; Abe, Masanao*; Otake, Makiko*; Matsuura, Shuji*; Arai, Takehiko*; Nakauchi, Yusuke*; Nakamura, Tomoki*; Matsuoka, Moe*; et al.
Science, 364(6437), p.272 - 275, 2019/04
Times Cited Count：262 Percentile：99.73(Multidisciplinary Sciences)The near-Earth asteroid 162173 Ryugu, the target of Hayabusa2 sample return mission, is believed to be a primitive carbonaceous object. The Near Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS3) on Hayabusa2 acquired reflectance spectra of Ryugu's surface to provide direct measurements of the surface composition and geological context for the returned samples. A weak, narrow absorption feature centered at 2.72 micron was detected across the entire observed surface, indicating that hydroxyl (OH)-bearing minerals are ubiquitous there. The intensity of the OH feature and low albedo are similar to thermally- and/or shock-metamorphosed carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. There are few variations in the OH-band position, consistent with Ryugu being a compositionally homogeneous rubble-pile object generated from impact fragments of an undifferentiated aqueously altered parent body.
Fujimoto, Kayoko; Nakano, Tomohide; Kubo, Hirotaka; Sawada, Keiji*; Takizuka, Tomonori; Kawashima, Hisato; Shimizu, Katsuhiro; Asakura, Nobuyuki
Plasma and Fusion Research (Internet), 4, p.025_1 - 025_7, 2009/08
The volume recombination in detached divertor plasmas is a key process to reduce the ion flux to the divertor plates. Two-dimensional measurement is one of the ways to investigate a spatial structure of the volume recombination. In this work, the deuterium Balmer-series lines from a detached divertor plasma were observed two-dimensionally with a spatial resolution of 1 cm and were reconstructed into two-dimensional emissivities with a tomography technique. The ratio of the D
to the D
emissivity was compared to that calculated by the collisional-radiative model. This ratio could not be explained only by the excitation of D by electron impact, indicating that the volume recombination contributed to the D emission. This is the case for the region above the inner strike point with 8 cm and 4 cm, respectively, in the r- and the z-direction on the poloidal cross-section.
Sato, Akira*; Arimizu, Takuto*; Yonemura, Hirotaka*; Sawada, Atsushi
Journal of MMIJ, 125(4,5), p.146 - 155, 2009/04
The advection and dispersion of contaminated materials in a rock mass are one of the important factors to evaluate the characteristics of the rock mass as a natural barrier function for a radioactive waste disposal project. In this study, X-ray CT method was applied to evaluate the advection and dispersion of solute in the crack which exists in rock mass. In order to visualize advection and dispersion phenomena, the tracer migration test have been conducted and tracer migration process was visualized by X-ray CT scanner. Here, an indicator, coefficient of tracer density increment, was newly introduced to analyze tracer migration. This is the indicator that represents the density of the tracer in the crack, and the evaluation of the density distribution of the tracer becomes possible. In this study, the influences of the crack aperture to the tracer migration process are discussed.
Fujimoto, Kayoko; Nakano, Tomohide; Kubo, Hirotaka; Sawada, Keiji*; Takizuka, Tomonori; Shimizu, Katsuhiro; Kawashima, Hisato; Asakura, Nobuyuki
Plasma and Fusion Research (Internet), 2, p.S1121_1 - S1121_4, 2007/11
Understanding deuterium particle behavior in the divertor plasma is necessary to study the ionizing and recombining plasmas. Two-dimensional spectroscopic measurement of deuterium emission is useful to understand deuterium particle behavior in divertor plasmas. The information of the ionization and recombination can be obtained by measurement of deuterium Balmer-series lines. A wide-spectral-band spectrometer with a CCD detector was used to observe deuterium Balmer-series lines with two-dimensional spatial distribution in the JT-60U divertor region. From the measurement, we can obtain a two-dimensional distribution of D and D
using a computer tomography technique. The D emission was strong above the strike point in the inner divertor and around the strike point in the outer divertor. The D emission was strong above the strike point in the inner divertor.
Yonemura, Hirotaka*; Sato, Akira*; Sugawara, Katsuhiko*; Sawada, Atsushi
Heisei-19 Nendo (2007 Nen) Shigen, Sozai Gakkai Shunki Taikai Koenshu (I) Shigen Hen, p.121 - 122, 2007/03
no abstracts in English
Kubo, Hirotaka; Takenaga, Hidenobu; Sawada, Keiji*; Nakano, Tomohide; Kobayashi, Shinji*; Higashijima, Satoru; Asakura, Nobuyuki; Shimizu, Katsuhiro
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 337-339, p.161 - 165, 2005/03
Times Cited Count：16 Percentile：71.76(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)no abstracts in English
Kubo, Hirotaka; Takenaga, Hidenobu; Nakano, Tomohide; Higashijima, Satoru; Shimizu, Katsuhiro; Sawada, Keiji*; Kobayashi, Shinji*; JT-60 Team
Nuclear Fusion Research; Springer Series in Chemical Physics, Vol.78, p.121 - 134, 2004/11
no abstracts in English
Nakano, Tomohide; Fujimoto, Takashi*; Goto, Motoshi*; Hatayama, Akiyoshi*; Kado, Shinichiro*; Kato, Takako*; Kimura, Mineo*; Kubo, Hirotaka; Murakami, Izumi*; Ono, Noriyasu*; et al.
Annual Report of National Institute for Fusion Science; April 2003 - March 2004, P. 414, 2003/10
no abstracts in English
Kubo, Hirotaka; Sawada, Keiji*
Purazuma, Kaku Yugo Gakkai-Shi, 74(6), p.562 - 567, 1998/06
no abstracts in English
Fujimoto, Kayoko; Nakano, Tomohide; Kubo, Hirotaka; Shimizu, Katsuhiro; Sawada, Keiji*; Kawashima, Hisato; Asakura, Nobuyuki
no journal, ,
no abstracts in English
Fujimoto, Kayoko; Nakano, Tomohide; Kubo, Hirotaka; Sawada, Keiji*; Takizuka, Tomonori; Kawashima, Hisato; Shimizu, Katsuhiro; Asakura, Nobuyuki
no journal, ,
The volume recombination in detached divertor plasmas is a key process to reduce the ion flux to the divertor plates. The deuterium Balmer-series lines (D
, D
, ..., D
) from a detached divertor plasma were observed two-dimensionally with a spatial resolution of about 1 cm and were reconstructed with a tomography technique. The ratio of the D to the D emissivity was compared to that calculated by the collisional-radiative model. This ratio could not be explained only by the excitation of D by electron impact, indicating that the volume recombination contributed to the D emission. This is the case for the region above the inner strike point with about 8 cm and 4 cm, respectively, in the r- and the z-direction on the poloidal cross-section. In this region, from the ratios of the D, D, ..., D emissivities, the electron density and temperature were evaluated to be about 1
10
m
and less than 0.3 eV, respectively.
Nakashima, Yosuke*; Ichimura, Kazuya*; Takeda, Hisahito*; Iwamoto, Miki*; Hosoda, Yasunari*; Shimizu, Keita*; Oki, Kensuke*; Sakamoto, Mizuki*; Ono, Noriyasu*; Kado, Shinichiro*; et al.
no journal, ,
no abstracts in English
Takir, D.*; Kitazato, Kohei*; Milliken, R. E.*; Iwata, Takahiro*; Abe, Masanao*; Otake, Makiko*; Matsuura, Shuji*; Arai, Takehiko*; Nakauchi, Yusuke*; Nakamura, Tomoki*; et al.
no journal, ,
JAXA spacecraft and sample return mission Hayabusa2 has arrived at the near-Earth asteroid 162173 Ryugu, which is classified a primitive carbonaceous object. Here we report recent results of near-infrared spectrometer (NIRS3) on the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. The observations provide direct measurements of the surface composition of Ryugu and context for the returned samples. NIRS3 has detected a weak and narrow absorption feature centered at 2.72 micrometer across entire observed surface. This absorption feature is attributed to the presence of OH-bearing minerals. The NIRS3 observations also revealed that Ryugu is the darkest object to be observed up-close by a visiting spacecraft. The intensity of the OH feature and low albedo are consistent with thermally-and/or shock-metamorphosed, and/or carbon-rich space-weathered primitive and hydrated carbonaceous chondrites.
