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Fatigue strength reduction factor of partial penetration weldments for ITER vacuum vessel

ITER真空容器用部分溶込み溶接継手の疲労強度減少係数

西 宏; 衛藤 基邦; 橘 勝美; 中平 昌隆

Nishi, Hiroshi; Eto, Motokuni; Tachibana, Katsumi; Nakahira, Masataka

ITERの真空容器は2重壁構造を採用し、不溶着部を有する構造となる。本研究では、ITERに採用予定の部分溶込みを有するT継手(外壁とリブ)と突き合わせ継手(外壁と外壁)について、継手や溶着金属の疲労試験を行い、疲労寿命や疲労き裂伝播速度を明らかにした。また有限要素解析を用いて両継手不溶着部の応力拡大係数範囲を計算し、継手と溶着金属の疲労き裂伝播速度を比較した。さらに破壊力学的手法を用いて継手の疲労寿命を計算し、不溶着部の長さが変化したときの疲労強度を予測した。その結果、以下のことがわかった。いずれの継手の不溶着部も先端が鋭くき裂と同様に挙動し、溶着金属部へ伝播する。したがって継手の疲労強度は不溶着部を持たない母材に比べ非常に低下する。また、継手と溶着金属の疲労き裂伝播速度は応力拡大係数範囲で整理でき両者は良く一致し、破壊力学的手法に基づい手計算した継手の疲労寿命は実験より得られた疲労寿命と良く一致する。さらに継手の不溶着部の長さが短く(1mm)なっても疲労強度は母材に比べ大きく低下する。

Fatigue test of the weldments was performed to investigate their fatigue behavior and the effect of the incomplete penetrations on the fatigue strength. Fatigue crack propagation test of their weld metals was also carried out using CT specimen. By calculating stress intensity factors of the weldments contained the incomplete penetrations and cracks using FEM analysis, the fatigue crack propagation rates of weldments were evaluated and compared those of their weld metals. Fatigue life of the weldments was evaluated based on fracture mechanics to discuss the effect of incomplete penetrations on the fatigue strength. As the results, the incomplete penetration behaved as a crack and most of total fatigue life for the weldment was crack propagation life. The crack propagation rates of weldment were in accordance with those of the weld metals. The fatigue strength of the weldment was considerably lower than that of smoothed specimen. The incomplete penetrations affected greatly the fatigue strength of the weldments even if the depth of incomplete penetrations was small.

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