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硝酸態窒素による地下水汚染とその対策法

Nitrate contamination of groundwater and its countermeasures

三田村 久吉

Mitamura, Hisayoshi

世界の人口増加圧に伴う不可避的な食料増産やエネルギー消費量の増加は、硝酸態窒素の環境負荷を増加させる大きな要因となっている。窒素はタンパク質の構成元素として動植物の生育に欠かせない成分であるが、硝酸態窒素の過剰な環境負荷は飲料水となる地下水などを汚染し、人や家畜の健康に深刻な被害をもたらすことになる。本報は、硝酸態窒素による地下水汚染の問題点を明らかにし、環境修復・保全の観点から技術開発の新たな方向性を探るため、関連する書籍や論文などを参考にして、硝酸態窒素による人の健康への影響,窒素循環の実態,発生源の種類,汚染対策などについてまとめたものである。

The inevitable increases of food production and energy consumption with an increase in world population become main causes of an increase of nitrate load to the environment. Although nitrogen is essential for the growth of animal and plant as a constituent element of protein, excessive nitrate load to the environment contaminates groundwater resources used as drinking water and leads to seriously adverse effects on the health of man and livestock. In order to clarify the problem of nitrate contamination of groundwater and search a new trend of technology development from the viewpoint of environmental remediation and protection, the present paper has reviewed adverse effects of nitrate on human health, the actual state of nitrogen cycle, several kinds of nitrate sources, treatment methods for reducing nitrate level, etc.

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