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ITER真空容器におけるき裂と水リーク量の相関並びにトカマク型核融合固有の安全性評価

Assessments of crack length-water leak correlation on ITER vacuum vessel and inherent safety of Tokamak-type fusion machine

中平 昌隆; 渋井 正直*

Nakahira, Masataka; Shibui, Masanao*

ITER真空容器はトリチウムと放射化ダストを内包する放射性安全上の物理障壁である。貫通き裂から水リークが発生し、生じた電磁力に対して真空容器が不安定破壊を起こさなければ、構造安全性が確保され、固有の安全性を証明できる。まず貫通き裂と水リークの解析モデルを構築し、実験的に検証した。本モデルによりITERの核融合反応を停止させる貫通き裂長さは、約2mmと算出し、不安定破壊を起こすき裂長さは約400mmと評価した。したがってプラズマ停止を起こす貫通き裂により真空容器が不安定破壊することはないと結論づけられ、核融合の固有の安全性を証明した。

A small water leak can cause a plasma disruption in a tokamak-type fusion machine. This plasma disruption will induce electromagnetic (EM) force acting in the vacuum vessel that is a physical barrier of tritium and activated dust. If the VV can sustain an unstable fracture by the EM force, the structural safety will be assured and the inherent safety will be demonstrated. Therefore, a new analytical model to evaluate the through crack and leak rate of cooling water is proposed, with verification by experimental leak measurements. Based on the analysis, the critical crack length to terminate plasma in ITER is evaluated as about 2 mm. On the other hand, the critical crack length for unstable fracture is obtained as about 400 mm. It is concluded that EM forces induced by the small leak to terminate plasma will not cause unstable fracture of the VV; thus the inherent safety is demonstrated.

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