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ウラン除染用吸着剤の評価

The Evaluation of graft-adsorbent for removal of uranium from waste sludge

瀬古 典明; 玉田 正男; 吉井 文男

Seko, Noriaki; Tamada, Masao; Yoshii, Fumio

放射線グラフト重合技術を用いてキレート吸着剤を合成し、pH0.5から12までの領域でウラン吸着特性を評価した。アミドキシム型,イミノ二酢酸型,リン酸型の吸着剤は、それぞれアクリロニトリルとメタクリル酸の混合液,メタクリル酸グリシジル,リン酸エステルモノマーを用いてグラフト重合し、アミドキシム型,イミノ二酢酸型については、グラフト重合後の化学処理により官能基を導入した。グラフト重合時間が2, 1.5, 8時間で各々3.5, 2.0, 2.0mol/kgの官能基が導入された。ウラン溶液に吸着剤を入れ、吸着性能を分配係数により評価した結果、市販樹脂と比較して、pH0.5ではリン酸型が200倍、pH8以上のアルカリ領域ではアミドキシム型が500倍の性能を有することがわかった。キレート吸着剤は強固に金属を吸着するため、ウランの脱着による二次汚染が生じることはなく、スラッジ廃棄物の処理材料としての応用が期待できる。

Fibrous adsorbents having chelate agent such as amidoxime (AN/MAA-ad), iminodiacetic acid (IDA-ad), and phosphoric acid (HMPA-ad) were prepared by radiation-induced graft polymerization. AN/MAA-ad was synthesized by co-grafting of acrylonitrile and methacrylic acid. Then the introduced functional group of CN was converted to the amidoxime with chemical treatment. Grafting of glycidyl methacrylate and chemically introducing the IDA group synthesized IDA-ad. HMPA-ad was directly synthesized by grafting of phosphoric acid monomer. The densities of the chelate agency were 3.5 mol/kg for AN/MAA-ad, 2.0 mol/kg for IDA-ad and 2.0 mol/kg for HMPA-ad after the grafting time of 2, 1.5 and 8 hours, respectively. HMPA-ad had 200 times higher distribution coefficient for uranium than that of a commercial adsorbent (Diaion-PK216) at pH 0.5. The distribution coefficient for AN/MAA-ad became 500 times higher than that of Diaion-CR11 more than pH 8. These chelate adsorbents are promising materials for removal of uranium from acid or alkali treated waste sludge contaminated uranium.

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