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低減速軽水炉の導入効果と燃料リサイクル条件の影響

The Possible role of reduced-moderation water reactors and its sensitivity to fuel recycling conditions

立松 研二; 佐藤 治

Tatematsu, Kenji; Sato, Osamu

低減速軽水炉の利用を含むさまざまな原子力発電と燃料サイクルの将来シナリオを定義し、天然ウラン消費量,使用済み燃料貯蔵量及び再処理設備規模などの核燃料サイクル諸量を定量的に分析した。その結果、以下の所見を得た。低減速軽水炉は正味転換比が1.0を超えれば天然ウランの消費量の際限ない増大に歯止めをかけることが可能である。しかし、FBRに比べて増殖性能が低いため、天然ウランの究極消費量が燃料リサイクルに関する条件により大きく変化する。転換比1.06の低減速軽水炉を用いた分析の結果から判断すると、濃縮ウラン軽水炉を2200年頃までに置換して天然ウラン積算消費量を低めの水準に抑制するためには、核燃料サイクルロスを含めた正味の転換比で1.04以上を実現することが望ましい。このためには、物質ロス率が1.0%及び0.2%の場合でそれぞれ燃料物質の炉外滞在時間を4年及び6年以内にすることが求められる。

Many scenarios were defined for future development of nuclear power generation and fuel cycle systems in Japan. These scenarios were quantitatively analyzed from the viewpoint of plutonium recycling, natural uranium consumption, stock of spent fuel, etc. Following findings were obtained from the analysis. RMWRs will contribute to control the uranium consumption at certain finite levels if net conversion ratio (CR) is kept higher than 1.0. However, since RMWRs do not have an excellent breeding performance in comparison with FBRs, their effect is very sensitive to the conditions on fuel recycling processes. Judging from the results of analysis using a RMWR design with gross CR 1.06, it would be necessary for RMWRs to have net CR 1.04 in order to replace enriched uranium fuelled LWRs by around the year 2200, and thereby to keep ultimate natural uranium consumption at rather low levels. This can be achieved by controlling fuel duration time outside reactors to shorter than 4 years or 6 years, when total loss of plutonium during the processes of recycling is 1.0% or 0.2%, respectively.

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