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Structural kinetics studies on phase transitions of the Bi UPD layer between the (2 $$times$$ 2) and ($$p$$ $$times$$ $$sqrt{3}$$) structures using surface X-ray diffraction

Tamura, Kazuhisa   ; Mizuki, Junichiro

The kinetics of the phase transition between the (2 $$times$$ 2) and ($$p$$ $$times$$ $$sqrt{3}$$)-Bi structures on Au(111) was investigated using electrochemical methods and time-resolved surface X-ray diffraction. The temporal changes in the current value and the diffracted X-ray intensity that originated from the (2 $$times$$ 2)-Bi overlayer were monitored during the phase transitions at various overpotentials. For the ($$p$$ $$times$$ $$sqrt{3}$$) $$rightarrow$$ (2 $$times$$ 2) phase transition, the phase transition models determined by the X-ray and electrochemical measurements were a surface-diffusion controlled instantaneous nucleation-growth process and a Langmuir process, respectively. For the reverse transition, the phase transition models determined by X-ray and electrochemical measurements were a Langmuir adsorption process and a surface diffusion controlled nucleation-growth process, respectively.

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