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日本列島における侵食速度の分布(CD-ROM版)

Regional distribution of erosion rates over the Japanese Islands

藤原 治; 三箇 智二*; 大森 博雄*

Fujiwara, Osamu; Sanga, Tomoji*; Omori, Hiroo*

全国的な侵食速度の分布を明らかにすることは、各地の地形変化を予測し、土被りの厚さや動水勾配の変化など、地表から地下深部までの地質環境が将来どの程度安定であるかを評価するために重要である。本研究では、ダムへの土砂流入量と流域の高度分散量(D)との関係に基づいて全国の侵食速度を試算した。流域の侵食速度(E)とDの間にはE=0.000044$$times$$D2.2の関係があり(相関係数0.94)、この式から50mメッシュの数値地図を用いて6km$$times$$6kmメッシュの侵食速度分布図を作成した。侵食速度は中部山岳地帯で最大値(中心部で3$$sim$$5mm/y)を示し、日高山脈,東北日本背孤側と西南日本外側山地列($$leqq$$2$$sim$$3mm/y)がこれに次ぎ、西南日本内帯と東北日本前孤側の山地列で小さい($$leqq$$1mm/y)。侵食速度の地域性は、地形の起伏を形成した第四紀の隆起量(速度)を反映している。GIS(地理情報システム)ユーザーのために、侵食速度分布図などをArcView形式で格納したCD-ROMを添付した。

Regional distribution of erosion rates has been studied to clarify the long-term stability of the geological environment in Japan. The regional distribution of erosion rates should be estimated to predict long-term geomorphological changes. This research is to estimate the distribution of erosion rates over the Japanese Islands based on the relationship between the sediment delivery rates to reservoirs and the dispersion of altitude of the drainage basins. The relationship between erosion rate E(mm/y) and dispersion of altitude D(m) of drainage basins is expressed by E=0.000044 D$$^{2.2}$$ with a correlation coefficient of 0.94. This equation was used to calculate the denudation rate for each 6 km $$times$$ 6 ㎞ area of the Japanese Islands using a "digital map 50 m grid". The denudation rates are, highest in the central Japanese mountains ($$leqq$$ 3-5 mm/y), moderate in the outer belt of Southwest Japan, the inner belt of Northeast Japan and Hokkaido ($$leqq$$ 2-3 mm/y), and lowest in the inner belt of Southwest Japan, outer belt of Northeast Japan and central Hokkaido ($$leqq$$ 1 mm/y). These regional characteristics are closely related to the distribution of Quaternary uplift rates, which caused the regional differences in surface topography.

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