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抵抗溶接法の開発(V)(内圧クリープ試験片の破損要因究明試験)

Development of resistance welding process (V); Investigation test for the breakage of specimens in the internal creep rapture test

河野 秀作; 関 正之; 石橋 藤雄; 平子 一仁*; 塚田 竜也*

not registered; Seki, Masayuki; not registered; not registered; not registered

ODS鋼製被覆管の抵抗溶接部の内圧クリープ試験において、接合部から破損する事象が生じた。このため、接合部断面の組織観察, 抽出レプリカ法によるTEM観察および接合部近傍における残留応力を測定し、破損要因の推定を行い、以下の結果が得られた。(1)フェライト系ODS鋼、内圧クリープ試験の破損要因の推定。抵抗溶接時に接合境界の褶曲部に生じた微細剥離部に内圧負荷による応力が集中し、伸張した結晶粒界に沿って粒界滑りが生じることにより破損が生じたと推察される。改善策として、被覆管の押し込み量, 接合面の角度等の溶接条件の最適化を図る必要がある。(2)マルテンサイト系ODS鋼, 内圧クリープ試験の破損要因の推定。端栓材の高温強度の低下, 褶曲部に生じた微細剥離及びフェライト化が接合境界強度の弱化に起因していると考えられる。改善策として、端栓材は高温強度に優れたODS鋼を用いることと、炭化物の凝集粗大化の軽減のために、780$$^{circ}$$C程度のSR(応力除去)処理あるいは再NT(焼ならし・焼き戻し処理を溶接後に行う必要がある。(3)残留応力の測定結果。抵抗溶接部の残留応力は、フェライト系・マルテンサイト系ODS鋼とも狭い領域に最大500MPaの応力であることがわかった。また、溶接後に熱処理を行うと、マルテンサイト系ODS鋼の残留応力は64MPaまで減少したが、フェライト系ODS鋼については、外表面で最大150MPa, 断面方向では、170MPa程度の応力が残存していた。この事から、熱処理時間を長くする等の対策を行い、熱処理条件の最適化をはかる必要がある。

In the internal creep rapture test, the breakage was caused at the resistance welded area of ODS steel cladding tube. In order to investigate the cause of the breakage, the microstructure of the replica specimens extracted from the welded area was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the residual stress near the welded area was measured by X-ray diffraction method (XRD). Following results were obtained in this test. (1)Presumption of the cause of the breakage in the internal creep rapture test for ferritic ODS steel. The breakage was supposed to cause by the stress concentration of the micro crack in the folded area of welding boundary resistance welding, and the grain sliding along the elongated grain boundary. These can be improved by optimizing welding conditions as plunging length of cladding, angle melting face etc. (2)Presumption of the cause of the breakage in the internal creep rapture test for martensitic ODS steel. The breakage was supposed to cause by the declination of high temperature strength of ferritic steel for end plug, the micro crack caused at the folded area of melding and the strength declination of the melded boundary. These can be improved by use of ODS steel for end plug, stress release or re-annealing and re-tempering at about 780$$^{circ}$$C after melding in order to reduce coarsening of aggregation of carbide. (3)Measurement results of residual stress. The residual stress both of ferritic and martensitic ODS steel at the resistance-welded area was 500MPa at a maximum. In heat treating applied after melding, the residual stress was 64MPa and for ferritic ODS steel it was 150MPa at the surface, and 170MPa at the cross section of the resistance-welded area, and at a maximum. Therefore heat treatment conditions need to be adjusted as lengthening more heat treatment time etc.

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