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$$alpha$$電子合金理論に基づく超耐熱構造材料の材料設計(II) 材料設計及び特性評価

Design of super-heat-resisting structural materials using a d-electron alloy theory (II)

湯川 夏夫*; 森永 正彦*; 斉藤 淳一*  ; 加藤 直人*; 一色 泰志*

not registered; Morinaga, Masahiko*; Saito, Junichi*; not registered; not registered

(目的)開発中の高温Li用材料であるNb基合金及びMo基合金について、簡便な方法で高温引張強度の類推が可能な方法を開発すると共に、液体金属中での耐食性等を明らかにする。(実験方法) 高温引張強度については、始めに実用合金に関する文献で室温$$sim$$高温の硬さと引張強度を調べ、次に新たに溶製した合金を用いて1200度Cまでの硬さを測定した。 液体金属中での耐食性については、昨年度の設計合金に対する650度CでのNa浸漬試験を行い、試験前後の重量変化、組織変化、成分変化ならびに文献からの合金元素の酸化物とナトリウムの酸化物との生成自由エネルギーなどから、腐食量、Na浸漬中の溶出元素等を調べ、また初めての試みとして、Li、K、Naなど液体金属中の原子状の溶出元素の電子構造、イオン性などの解析をd電子論に基づいて行った。(結果) 実用合金の調査から、室温$$sim$$1200度Cで硬さと引張強度の間には良好な直接関係があることをまず明らかにし、次にこの関係を利用して測定で得た硬さから高温時の引張強度の簡易的予測が可能な式を導出した。 液体金属中の耐食性については、Na中ではNb基合金はその合金元素であるNbとTaが酸化されるために腐食され易いが、Mo基合金はその合金元素の酸化が起こらないために腐食され難く優れた耐食性を示した。d電子論に基づく解析からは、Li、K、Naの各液体金属の中ではLiが溶出した原子状の元素と最も強く結合するなどの新たな知見を得た。 これらの他に、合金の硬さは母金属と添加元素の原子半径差またはヤング率差に依存すること、合金の密度は添加元素の純金属の密度で整理が可能なこと、昨年の設計合金は1200度Cで良好な相安定性を示すこと、などを明らかにした。

[PURPOSE] For structural materials serviced in the Li environments, both Nb-based and Mo-based alloys are selected as the candidate materials. In this study, a simple method was proposed for evaluating the high temperature strength of these alloys. Also, the corrosion resistance in liquid metals was investigated in order to get fundamental information for the design and development of high performance alloys. [EXPERIMENTAL AND CALCULATING METHODS] With a variety of ternary alloys high temperature micro-hardness was measured systematically. The results were analyzed by referring to the relationship between the hardness and the tensile strength reported in previous publications. Also, some alloys designed last year were exposed to the liquid Na at 650 $$^{circ}$$C, and the attendant changes were examined with respect to the weight, microstructure and local composition of alloys. Some of the results were understood in terms of the free energy for the oxide formation of Na and other elements in alloys. Another effort to understand the corrosion properties was made by the molecular orbital calculation of the electronic states of various elements in liquid Li, K and Na. [RESULTS] The high temperature tensile strength of both the alloys was found to be predictable by using a linear relationship between the hardness and the tensile strength of room temperature to 1200 $$^{circ}$$C. The corrosion resistance was much poorer in the Nb-based alloys than in the Mo-based alloys. This is partially due to the enhancement of corrosion by the preferred oxidation of Nb and Ta in the Nb-based alloys, whereas no such oxidation took place in the Mo-based alloys. In addition, it was found from the molecular orbital calculation that Li is the liquid metal of more strongly-bonded with every alloying element, compared to K and Na liquid metals. Futhermore, it was shown that the hardness of each alloy correlated well with the atomic-size difference and also the young's modulus difference ...

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