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高速炉によるTRU消滅処理に関する研究(II) -TRU消滅超長寿命炉心及びTRU断面積不確かさの影響に関する検討-

Study on TRU transmutation by LMFBRs (II); Study on super long life core for TRU transmutation and influence of uncertainties of TRU cross sections

山岡 光明; 若林 利男

Yamaoka, Mitsuaki; not registered

高レベル廃棄物に含まれるTRU元素(Np,Am,Cm)は長期にわたり放射能を有しているが,これを短期間に消滅できればその管理は大幅に容易なものとなる。本研究では高速炉によるTRU消滅処理に関して検討を実施した。概要を以下に示す。1・TRU消滅超長寿命炉心の検討TRUを装荷したFBR炉心は運転サイクル機関を延ばす高いポテンシャルを持っている。この特性を生かしてプラント寿命中燃料交換なしで運転しつつ,TRUを効率的に消滅することを目的としたTRU消滅超長寿命炉心の検討を行った。出力を30万KWeとし,炉心構成の最適化・核熱特性検討を行った結果,最適化炉心では燃焼反応度変化が34年運転で2.5%$$Delta$$k/kk'と非常に小さくなった。また,出力変動も小さくできたため熱的制限を満足した。TRU消滅量は寿命34年で約5300Kgで,100万KWe軽水炉約6基が寿命中に発生させるTRUに相当する。TRU装荷によりドップラー係数(絶対値)がかなり小さい。今後は安全性・制御性など炉心動特性への影響について検討する必要がある。2・TRU断面積の不確かさの影響検討 現状ではTRU断面積の不確かさが大きいことに鑑み,この不確かさが主要炉心特性に及ぼす影響を調べた。ここでは,上記のTRU消滅超長寿命炉心と5%TRU装荷大型炉心を対象として断面積の感度解析を実施した。さらに,簡易的手法により炉心特性の不確かさを評価した。この結果をもとに,不確かさへの影響が大きく精度を向上すべき断面積を摘出した。

TRU nuclides (Np, Am, and Cm) contained in the high level waste have extremely long-term radioactivity. They would be managed much more easily if transmuted in a short period. The present study deals with TRU transmutation by Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs). The results are summarized below. (1)Study on a 300MWe Super Long Life Core for TRU Transmutation An FBR core loaded with TRU has a large potentiality of extending operation cycle length. Making use of the potentiality, a super long life FBR core loaded with TRU was studied aiming at continuous operation without refueling during plant life and efficient reduction of TRU nuclides. Core parameters were optimized with the electric power of 300MWe and analyses of nuclear and thermal characteristics were carried out. As a result, the burnup reactivity change of the optimized core for 34 years is very small (2.5% $$Delta$$k/kk'). The power swing is also small, which resulted in satisfaction of the thermal design criteria. The amount of TRU transmuted during lifetime is about 5300Kg, which is equal to that 6 LWRs of 1000MWe produce during their lifetime. The Doppler coefficient (absolute value) is rather small because of TRU loading. Further study is needed on core kinetics from the view point of core safety and control. (2)Study on influence of uncertainties of TRU cross sections There are large uncertainties in TRU cross sections because of lack of experimental data. The influences of the uncertainties upon nuclear characteristics were evaluated for the super long life core and a large FBR core loaded with TRU of 5%. Sensitivity analysis on cross sections was carried out and uncertainties of nuclear characteristics were roughly evaluated. Based on the results, the TRU cross sections with large influences were identified.

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