安全設計方針に関する検討; 安全性の目標と再臨界問題の排除について

Examination of safety design guideline; Safety objective and elimination of re-criticality issues

丹羽 元; 栗坂 健一 ; 栗原 国寿*; 藤田 朋子

not registered; not registered; not registered; not registered

軽水炉と同等かそれ以上の安全性を確保し、受動安全等の活用によって、安心感の持てる高速増殖炉概念を構築することが実用化戦略調査研究における安全性の目標である。上記目標を達成するため、IAEAの国際原子力安全諮問グループが作成した原子力発電所のための基本安全原則の意味を考察し、安心感の獲得を考慮に入れて、炉心損傷の発生を防止する観点から具体的目標を設定した。さらに、炉心安全性については軽水炉との比較において高速炉の特徴を考慮することにより炉心損傷時の再臨界排除を具体的目標として設定した。再臨界排除方策の検討のために、多様な炉心における炉心損傷時の再臨界特性についてのマップを作成することによって、炉心損傷時の再臨界の可能性を簡易評価する手法を整備した。そして、ナトリウム冷却式、混合酸化物燃料型高速増殖炉について、有望な再臨界排除方策を提案した。それらを対象として燃料流出挙動の予備解析を行い、内部ダクト付き集合体の流出機能の有効性を確認するとともに炉心性能への影響の小さい方策として提案した軸ブランケット一部削除概念も有望であるとの結論を得た。

ln the feasibility study on commercialized fast breeder reactor (FBR) cycle systems conducted in JNC, it is required for candidate FBR plants that the level of safety should be enhanced so as to assure: (1)Comparative or superior safety level to that of light water reactors (LWRs), and (2)releaf of the public from anxiety about potential nuclear hazard. Adopting Passive safety characteristics is one of the measures. To attain the above safety objective, we considered implication of the basic safety principles for nuclear power plants that were created by the international nuclear safety advisory group of IAEA. The way to relieve from the anxiety was also taken into account. Then a definite safety objective was set from the standpoint of prevention of core disruptive accident (CDA). Furthermore, as a definite safety goal relating to reactor coresafety, elimination of re-criticality issues under CDA was set by considering characteristics of FBR in comparison with those of LWR. To examine measures for elimination of re-criticality issues, we developed a quick method to estimate possibility of re-criticality under CDA, by drawing a map about criticality characteristics under CDA in various degraded cores. Then hopeful measures were proposed for elimination of re-criticality issues in sodium-cooled FBR with mixed-oxide fuel. Molten fuel discharge behavior of their measures was preliminarily analyzed. We concluded that discharge capability of "a subassembly with an internal duct" was effective, and that "partial removal of axial blanket" was also effective as one of the measures though it has small effect on core performance.