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JUPITER実験における反応度測定法とその精度

Reactivity measurement in the JUPITER experiment and Its accuracy

鈴木 惣十; 青山 卓史 ; 池上 哲雄; 白方 敬章

not registered; Aoyama, Takafumi; not registered; Shirakata, Keisho

JUPITER実験が行われた米国アルゴンヌ国立研究所のZPPR実験装置での反応度測定法とその精度を評価した。ZPPRでは、炉心領域に均等に配置した64個の235乗U核分裂計数管による修正中性子源増倍法(MSM法)で各種反応度が測定された。このMSM法は、一点炉近似の動特性方程式に基づいて未臨界度を算出するが、64個の検出器を用いることにより中性子束分布の歪みによる空間依存性も考慮している。MSM法で必要となる検出器効率は、測定体系に依存して変化し、その不確定度が反応度測定値の不確定度に効くため、検出器の数を増やすことにより、統計精度を上げる手法がこれまで採用されてきた。本研究では、これら64個の検出器による反応度測定値を単純に統計処理するのではなく、検出器効率に対して最小二乗フィッティングすることにより、検出器効率の不確定度が最終的に得られる反応度にほとんど効かないようにする方法を新たに開発した。本手法の検証として、ZPPRの制御棒価値測定に適用した結果、中性子源強度の比、検出器効率の比は、燃料の移動を伴わない場合や、燃料の移動があってもその割合が小さい場合(例えば、単一制御棒価値)には、反応度と検出器効率比の1次式の最小二乗法フィッティングの結果でかなり精度良く補正できることが明らかとなった。

This report describes the reactivity measurement method and its accuracy employed in ZPPR (Zero Power Physics Reactor) test facility at Argonne National Laboratory, USA. In ZPPR, reactivity measurements were conducted by means of MSM (Modified Neutron Source Multiplication) method using the fission reaction rates by 64 $$^{235}$$U fission chambers which were uniformly located in the core region. The MSM method can evaluate the subcritical reactivity considering the spatial distribution of neutron flux, although its basic equation is the one point approximation reactor dynamic theory. As each detector response varies depending on the core configuration, the uncertainty of the detector response affect directly the accuracy of measured reactivity. Therefore, the average value of many detectors had been conventionally used to reduce the statistical error in the measurerment. In this study, this method was modified to use the linear fitting between measured reaction rates and detector responses. Using this modified method, the uncertainty of each detector response affect the measured reactivity less than the simple averaging method. This new method was verified by applying to the ZPPR control rod worth measurements. It was found that the ratios of neutron source intensities and detector responses could be corrected accurately by the linear fitting in case of reactivity change without or with little fuel movement such as a unit control rod worth measurement.

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