The Tunnel Sealing Experiment: A Review

Fujita, Tomoo ; Martino, J. B.*; Dixon, D. A.*; Kozak, E. T.*; Vignal, B.*; Sugita, Yutaka ; Masumoto, Kazuhiko*

The Tunnel Sealing Experiment (TSX), a major international experiment, demonstrating technologies for tunnel sealing at full-scale, was conducted at Atomic Energy of Canada Limited's Underground Research Laboratory (URL). The objective of the experiment was to demonstrate technologies for construction of bentonite and concrete bulkheads, to quantify the performance of each bulkhead and to document the factors that affect the performance. It was not the purpose of the experiment to demonstrate an optimized bulkhead. Two bulkheads, one composed of low heat high performance concrete and the other of highly compacted sand-bentonite material, were constructed in a tunnel in unfractured granitic rock at the URL. The chamber between the two bulkheads was pressurized to 4 MPa in a series of steps over a two-year period. The ultimate pressure is representative of the ambient pore pressures in the rock at a depth of 420 m. The first phase of the TSX was at ambient temperature (15C), and the second phase ultimately reached 65C at thermistors near the upstream face of the bulkheads. Instrumentation in the experiment monitored parameters that are important indicators for bulkhead performance. Seepage was measured at both bulkheads and any leakage points from the tunnel to maintain a water balance. The paper provides an overview of the project.