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Study on vortex cavitation in a compact fast reactor; Effects of system pressure on inception condition

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佐藤 博之; 江連 俊樹 ; 上出 英樹 

Sato, Hiroyuki; Ezure, Toshiki; Kamide, Hideki

実用化戦略調査研究において、ナトリウム冷却炉の炉容器コンパクト化やループ数削減が検討されており、それに伴い、炉容器上部プレナム内や配管内の流動は高流速となり自由液面からのガス巻き込み等が懸念される。それらの現象を把握、抑制するために、1/10スケールの上部プレナム水流動模擬試験が行われ、ホットレグ入口近傍においてキャビテーションを伴う水中渦が確認された。水流動試験におけるキャビテーション発生条件を実機条件に反映するために、キャビテーション係数( k=(Po-Ps)/(0.5*$$rho$$v2)(Po:代表圧力、Ps飽和蒸気圧力))を用いた評価を行っているが、実機のナトリウムと模擬試験の水では、カバーガスの圧力条件や流体の粘性条件が大きく異なり、これらの要因がキャビテーション係数に及ぼす影響について把握する必要がある。そこで基礎実験を行い、その傾向について調べた結果、流体の圧力条件や粘性条件によりキャビテーション係数に相違が見られた。その要因として流体の条件が異なると、渦の周方向速度分布が異なり、渦中心の圧力が影響されることがわかった。

A compact sodium reactor is designed as a commercialized fast reactor cycle system. A 1/10th scaled water experiment was performed to optimize upper plenum flow in the reactor vessel, because of high flow velocity resulted from the compacted vessel. In the experiment, vortex cavitation was found at the hot leg inlet because of high velocity in the hot leg pipe (9.4m/s in the design). To evaluate inception cavitation condition of the commercialized reactor, we use the cavitation number k in order to consider the difference of system absolute pressures (0.1MPa in experiment and 0.3MPa in design). The minimum pressure at the vortex center will depend on vortex core radius (size of forced vortex region). It is related to axial velocity gradient and fluid viscosity in theory of the Burger's stretched vortex model. We carried out a basic water experiment to investigate the influence of system pressure and fluid viscosity on the vortex cavitation. The cavitation number at the inception of vortex cavitation slightly increased according to the increase of the system absolute pressure. It means that the vortex cavitation occurs easily under higher-pressure condition as compared with the similar condition of cavitation number with lower pressure. However the increase was less than 30% when the system pressure was varied from 0.1 to 0.3MPa. The influence of fluid viscosity was examined by change of fluid temperature. Velocity distribution around the vortex was also measured to see the structure of vortex.

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