An Inference method of team situation awareness based on mutual awareness

相互認識に基づくチーム状況認識の推論手法

Shu, Y.; 古田 一雄*

Shu, Y.; Furuta, Kazuo*

チーム状況認識(TSA)は、チームの意思決定過程内中間ステップの一つであり、原子力発電所,航空,航海などの数多くの応用分野において、人間と機械の間協調行動にとって重要な指標である。本論では、原子力発電所などのプロセスプラント運転チーム行動をモデル化したヒューマンモデルの構築を行い、多数VDUデバイスで構成され、チームによって運用されるようなプラント監視操作システムを対象として、運転チームの情報共有,相互信念を含めたヒューマンマシンインタフェース評価手法を開発した。この研究は、まず個人状況認識(SA)と相互信念に還元可能なチーム状況認識(TSA)の新概念を提案した。この新しいTSAの枠組みの上にチーム-機械協調活動におけるTSA推論の手法を開発し、シミュレーションによって人間のTSA構築能力について検討した。さらに、TSAに関しては、状態認識における推論や、認知、そして相互の反応性といった要素が共同作業において不可欠な要素であると考え、健全性と完全性といった2つの視点から、TSAの適切性の評価手法を確立できた。これにより外部環境情報を用いる有効性を確認した。

Team Situation Awareness (TSA) is a critical contributing factor in establishing collaborative relations among team members involved in cooperative activity. Currently, however, there is still a lack of a clearly understandable and commonly agreeable model of TSA. To resolve misunderstanding or conflict among team members or between a team and machines, our research aim is to find out the underlying mechanism of TSA that reflects team cognitive process in a way consistent with team cooperative activity, and to focus on how to achieve mutual understanding, and how to effectively incorporate human teams into a socio-technological system. In this paper, we argue that earlier models of TSA, where TSA was discussed as the intersection of situation awareness (SA) owned by individual team members, are inadequate for study of a sophisticated team reciprocal process. We suggest that it is necessary for the definition of TSA to integrate the notion of individual SA into cooperative team activity. In particular, understanding of mutual awareness is an essential element in cooperative activity. We propose a new notion of TSA, which is reducible to mutual beliefs as well as individual SA at three levels. Further, we develop an operational TSA inference method and discuss human competence and system-related factors that are required to build TSA. We then try to demonstrate how TSA is actively constructed via inferencing practices. We also develop criteria to assess appropriateness of TSA from two aspects: soundness and completeness of mutual beliefs. Comparison of evaluation results indicates that the notion of TSA proposed in this work is more suitable to depict team cooperative activity than conventional ones.