Crystalline beams at high energies

Wei, J.*; Okamoto, Hiromi*; Ochi, Shuta*; Yuri, Yosuke; Sessler, A. M.*; Machida, Shinji*

Previously it was shown that by crystallizing each of the two counter-circulating beams, a much larger beam-beam tune shift can be tolerated during the beam-beam collisions; thus a higher luminosity can be reached for colliding beams. On the other hand, crystalline beams can only be formed at energies below the transition energy of the circular accelerators. In this paper, we investigate the formation of crystals in two types of high-transition-energy lattices, one realized by three-cell missing dipole modules and the other with negative bends. The latter type satisfies the maintenance condition for a crystalline beam.