High-energy colliding crystals; A Theoretical study

Wei, J.*; Okamoto, Hiromi*; Sugimoto, Hiroshi*; Yuri, Yosuke; Sessler, A. M.*

Recent theoretical investigations of beam crystallization using computer modeling based on the method of molecular dynamics (MD) and analytical approach based on the phonon theory are motivated by the study of colliding crystalline beams. In order to investigate the stability of 1D crystals at high energies, we present a newly developed phonon theory in a time-dependent Hamiltonian system representing the actual alternating-gradient focusing ring. Using the theory, we explore ring lattices appropriate for beam crystallization at high energies. In comparison, we study both 1D and multi-dimensional high-energy crystals using the MD method. Both theoretical and numerical results show that it is possible to form 1D crystalline beams at high energies in rings that have high () and imaginary () transition energy. Finally, we present examples of ion-ion and electron-ion colliders with 1D ordered ions.