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分散型XAFSを利用したペロブスカイト型自動車触媒の特性解明

Catalytic properties of perovskite-type automotive catalysts studied by dispersive XAFS

松村 大樹   ; 西畑 保雄; 水木 純一郎; 谷口 昌司*; 上西 真里*; 田中 裕久*

Matsumura, Daiju; Nishihata, Yasuo; Mizuki, Junichiro; Taniguchi, Masashi*; Uenishi, Mari*; Tanaka, Hirohisa*

分散型XAFSを用いて、長寿命特性を持つペロブスカイト型自動車触媒に対して、時分割かつその場構造解析を行った。そして、その結果を従来型のアルミナ担持触媒との比較を行い、ペロブスカイト型触媒の特性解明を試みた。実験はSPring-8内BL14B1にて行った。酸素及び水素雰囲気下に曝した直後から、20$$sim$$50Hzの実時間分割連続XAFS測定を行い、貴金属近傍の局所構造の時間変化を求めた。その結果、Pd複合ペロブスカイト型触媒においては、酸素雰囲気下における構造変化速度が、アルミナ担持触媒と比べて大きく異なることがわかった。この結果の方向性はPtも同様であったが、Rhに関してはアルミナ担持触媒と大きくは異ならない結果が得られた。

In-situ and real-time structural transformations of perovskite-type automotive catalysts having a high catalytic activity during aging were observed by dispersive XAFS method. Alumina-based conventional catalysts were also observed for reference. The experiments were operated at the beamline of SPring-8 BL14B1. Just after dosing by oxygen or hydrogen, continuous XAFS spectra were measured at 20-50 Hz in order to reveal the local structural transformation of precious metals. For the Pd-perovskite catalyst, the slower response of structural transformation was observed than the alumina-based catalyst under the oxygen atmosphere. Similar results were observed in Pt-based catalyst. On the other hand, there were no clear differences between the perovskite-type and alumina-based catalyst of Rh.

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