Numerical simulations on turbulent heat transfer characteristics of supercritical pressure fluids

超臨界圧流体の乱流熱伝達特性に関する数値シミュレーション

中塚 亨  ; 高瀬 和之; 吉田 啓之  ; 三澤 丈治

Nakatsuka, Toru; Takase, Kazuyuki; Yoshida, Hiroyuki; Misawa, Takeharu

超臨界圧軽水炉の熱設計を行ううえで、超臨界圧流体の伝熱劣化現象を正確に把握できる熱設計手法の整備が必要である。しかしながら、乱流条件下における伝熱劣化現象の詳細なメカニズムが解明されていないため、熱設計で使用される乱流モデルの適用性について十分な検討は行われていない。そこで、超臨界圧軽水炉の炉心熱設計精度向上に資することを目的として、伝熱劣化現象を予測できる乱流熱伝達率予測手法の開発・整備を目指し、標準型2方程式モデル,低レイノルズ数型2方程式モデル,レイノルズ応力モデル,ラージ・エディ・シミュレーションの4つの乱流モデルに対して、それぞれの予測精度を評価した。その結果、ラージ・エディ・シミュレーションによる解析が超臨界圧軽水炉における伝熱劣化現象を高い精度で予測できる可能性を示すことがわかった。

As one of next generation nuclear reactors, development of a supercritical pressure water reactor (SCWR) has been performed. In order to design the SCWR, it is necessary to investigate thermal-hydraulic characteristics in the SCWR core precisely. As for those characteristics, many experimental studies have been conducted from the former in each country using circular tubes, annular channels and the simulated fuel bundles. An objective of this study is to clarify the prediction accuracy of the turbulent heat transfer characteristics in the supercritical pressure fluids for the SCWR design. From the experimental results of the supercritical pressure fluids flowing upward in a vertical circular tube, it was confirmed that the turbulent heat transfer coefficient suddenly decreases under the high heat flux condition. Although many numerical studies have been done in order to confirm the deterioration of turbulent heat transfer in supercritical pressure fluids, it is important to choose a suitable turbulence model to obtain high prediction accuracy. Then, the prediction accuracy on the deteriorated turbulent heat transfer was investigated numerically using four kinds of turbulence models, SKE, MKE, RSM and LES. The predicted result of each turbulence model was compared with the experimental results of the concentric smooth annulus and vertical circular tube. From the results of the present study, it was found that LES is the most effective to simulate the deterioration of the turbulent heat transfer at the supercritical pressure fluids.