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原子炉圧力容器肉盛溶接部における溶接及び溶接後熱処理による残留応力分布評価

Evaluation of residual stress near the weld overlay cladding by welding and post-weld heat treatment

宇田川 誠; 勝山 仁哉  ; 西川 弘之; 鬼沢 邦雄 

Udagawa, Makoto; Katsuyama, Jinya; Nishikawa, Hiroyuki; Onizawa, Kunio

低合金鋼製の原子炉圧力容器内面には、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼による肉盛溶接が施されている。原子炉圧力容器の構造健全性をより精度よく評価するためには、肉盛溶接及び溶接後熱処理により生じる残留応力を評価する必要がある。肉盛溶接部は原子炉圧力容器母材部と比較し非常に薄いものの異材溶接部であるため残留応力は急激に変化しその評価は容易ではない。そこで、溶接方法の異なる肉盛溶接部試験体を製作し、溶接時の温度履歴を実測するとともに、逐次切断法及びDHD法を用いて残留応力分布を実測した。また、有限要素法に基づく熱弾塑性クリープ解析を実施し、実測データとの比較から残留応力を十分な精度で評価できることが確認できた。さらに、溶接後熱処理後における残留応力分布の主要因は溶接材と母材との線膨張係数の差に起因していることが示された。

Stainless steel is welded as a cladding on the inner surface of a reactor pressure vessel (RPV) made of low alloy steel. In order to assess the structural integrity of an RPV more precisely, the residual stress distribution caused by weld-overlay cladding and post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) is to be evaluated. Although cladding layer is very thin compared to vessel wall, it is not easy to evaluate steep residual stress distribution which occurs in dissimilar metal weld. In this study, cladded specimens were fabricated using different welding methods. Residual stress measurements using both sectioning and DHD methods were then performed to evaluate the residual stress distributions. It was shown that thermal-elastic-plastic-creep analysis results based on finite element method were agreed with experimental results. It was also clarified that the main cause of residual stress due to welding and PWHT was the difference of thermal expansion between weld and base metals.

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