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光ファイバーを利用した多段式岩盤内変位計の開発

Development of the multi-level displacement sensor using Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG)

真田 祐幸; 杉田 裕 ; 大丸 修二; 松井 裕哉 ; 柏井 善夫*

Sanada, Hiroyuki; Sugita, Yutaka; Daimaru, Shuji; Matsui, Hiroya; Kashiwai, Yoshio*

坑道周辺岩盤の長期的な挙動の把握は、高レベル放射性廃棄物の地層処分の性能評価や坑道の設計・施工を行ううえで重要である。坑道近傍の変位を計測するためには、通常、電気式の地中変位計が埋設される。従来型の電気式地中変位計は数年に渡る使用では絶縁不良を生じるなど長期的な計測が困難であった。また、岩盤へのインパクトが小さい小口径のボーリング孔では多段化できないという問題があった。本論文では小口径で長期耐久性を有し、多段かつ高い精度での計測を可能にするために、光ファイバーを使用した地中変位計の開発を実施した。恒温槽内にて変位,温度を変化させた室内検定試験を行い、ブラッグ波長の変化量との対応関係を整理し、校正式の算出と測定精度の検証を行った。その結果、測定精度は測定範囲の0.5%又は1/100mmと今回設定した測定精度をおおむね満たしていた。また、変位計の性能の確認のために行った原位置性能確認試験結果から、ブラッグ波長の変化量から算出した変位は、実際に与えた変位量と良い一致を示した。さらに、作業性や作業時間については、通常用いられる電気式の地中変位計と同程度であり、原位置での実現可能性に対する見通しを得た。

When the structures such as rock slopes, underground caverns for the geological disposal of high level radioactive waste and underground power plants are constructed, the potential for displacement and damage in the surrounding rock mass is increased due to stress concentration and creep phenomenon. Therefore, the long-term monitoring of rock stability for construction of rock cavern and slopes is important to maintain stability of rock structures. Recently, development of sensors that use optical fiber have expanded mainly in the field of civil engineering and, in rock and soil mechanics, since several parameters such as temperature, strain, pressure, pH etc. can be obtained by using backscattered light in optical fibers. Additionally, some important advantages using optical fiber are its high resistance to the electric insulation failure, long-term endurance and ability to transmit data over long distances. This paper describes development of a multiple-type displacement sensor using FBG, which has potential for the long-term durability and high accuracy. Laboratory tests were carried out to investigate the relational expression computed from the relationship of the variation in the Bragg wavelength, temperature and displacement. Accuracy of the prototype developed in this research is better than 0.5% or 1/100 mm. The in situ tests involving long-term monitoring using boreholes were conducted to confirm the workability and applicability of the prototype. From the results of the in situ tests, workability is equivalent to the extensometers usually used for long-term monitoring, and the displacement computed from the variation of Bragg wavelength is almost equal to the artificially induced deformation.

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