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International collaboration in assessment of radiological impacts arising from releases to the biosphere after disposal of radioactive waste into geological repositories

放射性廃棄物地層処分における生物圏評価研究の国際協力について

Smith, G.*; 加藤 智子 

Smith, G.*; Kato, Tomoko

放射性廃棄物地層処分においては、数千年もしくはそれ以上の超長期に渡って、Cl-36のような長半減期核種が、人間が普通にアクセスし利用する環境、すなわち生物圏に放出される。いかなる場合においても、処分場に起因して人間が受ける放射線量が放射線防護基準を満たすことを保証する必要がある。このような長期の時間枠における線量評価においては、地表環境や人間活動の変遷を考慮しなければならないという理由から、評価の枠組みを構築することは容易ではなく、長年に渡る国際共同プロジェクトによりこの問題が議論されてきた。本報では、放射線防護に関する国際的な勧告とサイト特有の評価におけるセーフティケース構築の準備に関して、国際協力により得られた成果及びJAEAを含む各国の研究アプローチについて概説する。

Geological disposal is designed to provide safe containment of radioactive waste for very long times, with the containment provided by a combination of engineered and geological barriers. In the extreme long term, after many thousands of years or longer, residual amounts of long-lived radionulides such as Cl-36, but also radionuclides in the natural decay chains, may be released into the environment normally accessed and used by humans, termed here, the biosphere. It is necessary to ensure that any such releases meet radiation protection objectives through the development of a safety case, which will include assessment of radiation doses to humans. The design of such dose calculations over such long timeframes is not straightforward, because of the range of potentially relevant assumptions which could be made, concerning environmental change and changes in human behavior. The issue has therefore been subject to international cooperation for many years. This paper summarizes the evolution and results of that collaboration leading up to the present day, taking account of developments in international recommendations on radiation protection objectives and the more recent greater focus on preparation of site specific safety cases.

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