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高温ガス炉

High-temperature gas-cooled reactor

日野 竜太郎; 小川 益郎

Hino, Ryutaro; Ogawa, Masuro

原子力エネルギー利用の多様化を図り、地球温暖化ガスを削減するうえで、最高950$$^{circ}$$Cの高温熱を取り出して発電のみならず水素製造等を行える高温ガス炉は極めて魅力的な原子炉システムである。本報では、高温ガス炉の優れた特長と世界の動向、世界をリードする日本の高温ガス炉開発の中核である日本原子力研究開発機構における研究開発の概要を紹介する。研究開発では、高温工学試験研究炉HTTRによる安全性実証や高温連続運転で得られた最近の成果について述べ、HTTR試験成果をベースにして実施した商用ガスタービン発電システム及び水素製造/発電を行うコジェネレーションシステムの設計、さらに、今後の展開を含めた将来展望について紹介する。

The goal of broadening industrial applications of nuclear energy while significantly cutting CO$$_{2}$$ emission can be achieved with the near-term deployable, passively-safe high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs), which can supply heat of high-temperatures of up to 950$$^{circ}$$C to a wide range of industrial plants for CO$$_{2}$$-free hydrogen production, power generation, etc. This paper introduces technical features of HTGR and the current status of HTGR developments worldwide with emphasis on the R&D activities conducted by Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). JAEA as the center of excellence on R&D of the HTGR system in Japan, which leads the world R&D on HTGR and nuclear hydrogen production technologies, has successfully carried out the reactor passive safety demonstration and most recently the 50-day high-temperature operation test by using the High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (HTTR) of 30 MWt. Based on the test results obtained in the HTTR, a commercial power generation system with gas turbine and an advanced system cogenerating electricity by the gas turbine and hydrogen by a thermochemical method have been designed. This paper concludes by giving a perspective of future HTGR developments.

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