Diagnostics of the early stage of the heating of clusters by a femtosecond laser pulse from the spectra of hollow ions

Faenov, A. Ya.*; Skobelev, I. Yu.*; Pikuz, T. A.; Fortov, V. E.*; Boldarev, A. S.*; Gasilov, V. A.*; Chen, L. M.*; Zhang, L.*; Yan, W. C.*; Yuan, D. W.*; Mao, J. Y.*; Wang, Z. H.*; Colgan, J.*; Abdallah, J. Jr.*

X-ray spectral methods have been proposed to determine the parameters of the appearing plasma at the early stages of its evolution. It has been shown that the spectra of Hollow ions are the most informative in the first moments of the heating of a cluster, whereas the diagnostics of the late stages can be performed using the conventional lines of multicharged ions.