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Soft X-ray laser single picosecond pulse nanomodification of metal surfaces

Pikuz, T.; Faenov, A.*; Ishino, Masahiko; Starikov, S. V.*; Stegailov, V. V.*; Norman, G.*; Fortov, V.*; Skobelev, I.*; Tamotsu, Satoshi*; Kato, Yoshiaki* ; Tanaka, Momoko; Hasegawa, Noboru; Nishikino, Masaharu; Oba, Toshiyuki*; Kaihori, Takeshi; Ochi, Yoshihiro; Imazono, Takashi; Fukuda, Yuji; Kando, Masaki; Kawachi, Tetsuya

We show experimentally the possibility of the precise nanostructuring of aluminum and gold surfaces by ultra low fluencies of single picosecond soft X-ray laser pulse. The atomistic model of ablation is developed that reveals the ultra-low threshold fluency values of this process to be an effect of the high electronic pressure build-up and the comparatively low electron-ion energy relaxation rates. Our modeling show that relatively slow electron-ionic relaxation in such metals results in maintaining of the high electron pressure in the near surface region for several picoseconds, that is sufficiently long for the development of the hydrodynamic response that causes the negative pressure region formation and the nanostructuring of a thin surface layer. Calculated ablation depth as a function of irradiation fluency is in good agreement with the experimental data presented as well as with the existing data on optical ablation.

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