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High temperature reaction between UO$$_{2}$$ and sea salt deposit

UO$$_{2}$$と海水析出塩の高温反応

高野 公秀 ; 西 剛史; 倉田 正輝 ; 天谷 政樹  ; 永瀬 文久 

Takano, Masahide; Nishi, Tsuyoshi; Kurata, Masaki; Amaya, Masaki; Nagase, Fumihisa

福島第一原子力発電所事故では炉心冷却に海水が注入されたため、高温の破損燃料(デブリ)表面に塩が析出し、デブリと反応する可能性がある。ここでは、海水析出塩がデブリに与える化学的影響を評価するための基礎試験として、塩とUO$$_{2}$$との高温反応試験を行った。塩とUO$$_{2}$$の混合物成形体をアルゴン気流中815-1198$$^{circ}$$Cの範囲で加熱した結果、X線回折及びSEM/EDX分析により、塩中のカルシウムがUO$$_{2}$$相に固溶することを明らかにした。焼結したUO$$_{2}$$ペレットと塩の加熱試験の結果から、試験条件下ではカルシウムとUO$$_{2}$$の反応はペレットのごく表面に限られ、内部まで拡散しないことがわかった。一方、高温でのNaClの揮発、その他塩化物及び硫酸塩の熱分解により腐食性のガスが発生するため、損傷した炉内構造物、さらには揮発性核分裂生成物の化学形に影響を及ぼす可能性が懸念される。

In the severe accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, the seawater was pumped into the cores. When the seawater is vaporized on the hot fuel debris, the various salts like chlorides and sulphates are deposited. In this work, the reactivity between UO$$_{2}$$ and the sea salt was examined in the temperature range from 815 to 1198 $$^{circ}$$C, to characterize the impacts of seawater on the chemical form of fuel debris. The pelletized mixture of UO$$_{2}$$ and the salt heated for 30 min in argon flow yielded mainly MgO and UO$$_{2}$$, whose lattice parameter is much smaller than that of stoichiometric UO$$_{2}$$. It was found that calcium decomposed from the sulphate could dissolve into UO$$_{2}$$ to form solid solution. However, by the analyses on the UO$$_{2}$$ pellets heated with the salt at 913 and 1002 $$^{circ}$$C for 3 h, the reaction was found to be limited at the UO$$_{2}$$/salt deposit interface. The evolution of corrosive gases by the volatilization and thermal decomposition of the salt would be another aspect of importance for the structural materials and chemical form of the volatile fission products in the core.

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