Review of five investigation committees' reports on the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant severe accident; Focusing on accident progression and causes

Watanabe, Norio; Yonomoto, Taisuke ; Tamaki, Hitoshi ; Nakamura, Takehiko ; Maruyama, Yu 

On March 11, 2011, the Tohoku District - off the Pacific Ocean Earthquake and the subsequent tsunami resulted in the severe core damage at the TEPCO's Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station Units 1-3, involving hydrogen explosions at Units 1, 3, and 4 and the large release of radioactive materials to the environment. The four independent committees were established by the Government, the Diet of Japan and the Rebuild Japan Initiative Foundation as well as TEPCO to investigate the accident and published their respective reports. Also, the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency carried out the analysis of accident causes to obtain the lessons learned from the accident and made its report public. This article reviews the reports and clarifies the differences in their positions, from the technological point of view, focusing on the accident progression and causes. As well, the undiscussed issues are identified to provide insights useful for the near-term regulatory activities including accident investigation by the Nuclear Regulation Authority.