Chemical interaction in tungsten-implanted glassy carbon

Yamaki, Tetsuya; Kato, Sho; Yamamoto, Shunya; Hakoda, Teruyuki; Kawaguchi, Kazuhiro*; Kobayashi, Tomohiro*; Suzuki, Akihiro*; Terai, Takayuki*

Chemical transformations involved during ion implantation can lead to material modifications. Our focus here was on the interaction of tungsten (W) ions implanted in glassy carbon (GC). Recent studies dealt with nanosized particles of W carbides in a W-ion-implanted GC substrate in terms of their composition, electrochemical properties, and morphology. In this paper, we discuss a detailed study of compound formation resulting from W implants in GC for the first time, emphasizing the importance of chemical interactions in determining the final properties of the implanted layer.