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Fracture mechanism of fine- and coarse-grain graphite

微粒黒鉛と粗粒黒鉛の破壊メカニズム

角田 淳弥 ; 柴田 大受 ; 橘 幸男 ; 黒田 雅利*

Sumita, Junya; Shibata, Taiju; Tachibana, Yukio; Kuroda, Masatoshi*

黒鉛は、減速材に黒鉛、冷却材にヘリウムガスを用いた高温ガス炉(HTGR)の炉内構造物として使用される。HTGRは高温のヘリウムガスを取り出すことが可能であり、固有の安全性を有する魅力的な原子炉である。その中で、超高温ガス炉(VHTR)は、第4世代原子炉の中でも有望な原子炉である。高温ガス炉の運転期間中、黒鉛構造物は中性子照射に起因する寸法変化、特性変化及び熱勾配により、内部応力等の負荷が生じる。黒鉛構造物の健全性を破壊機構により評価するために必要な基礎的データを取得するため、黒鉛の破壊靭性値やひずみ解放エネルギーを評価することが重要である。本研究では、微粒黒鉛と粗粒黒鉛の破壊靭性値を測定するとともに、ひずみ解放エネルギーを算出した。また、き裂の進展を顕微鏡により観察し、粒子サイズの観点からその違いを考察した。

Graphite materials are used for the in-core components of High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) which is a graphite-moderated and helium gas-cooled reactor. The HTGR is particularly attractive due to capability of producing high temperature helium gas, and its passive and inherent safety features. The Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) is one of the most promising candidates as the Generation-IV nuclear reactor systems. During operation of the HTGR, the graphite structure is subjected to various loadings such as external forces and internal stresses resulted from neutron irradiation-induced dimensional and material property changes and a thermal gradient. In order to acquire the fundamental data to evaluate the integrity of the graphite structure of HTGR by fracture mechanics, it is important to investigate the fracture toughness and strain energy release rate of graphite. In this study, the fracture toughness of fine-grain and coarse-grain graphite was measured and calculated the strain energy release rate of them. Moreover, the crack propagation in these graphite and coarse-grain graphite were observed by microscope and the difference between them was discussed from the viewpoint of the grain size.

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