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Study of the flow characteristics of coolant channel of fuel blocks for HTGR

HTGR燃料ブロックの冷却材チャンネル流動特性検討

辻 延昌*; 大橋 一孝*; 田澤 勇次郎*; 大橋 弘史 ; 高松 邦吉  ; 橘 幸男 

Tsuji, Nobumasa*; Ohashi, Kazutaka*; Tazawa, Yujiro*; Ohashi, Hirofumi; Takamatsu, Kuniyoshi; Tachibana, Yukio

HTGRの固有の安全性にとって受動的除熱は最も関心のあるところである。強制冷却喪失事故では、ブロック型HTGRの崩壊熱は輻射,熱伝導、および自然対流で除去されなければならない。燃料温度は炉心領域の自然対流に強く影響されるため、炉心領域の自然対流を精度高く評価することが重要となる。検討は熱流動CFDコードを使って1燃料カラムで行った。熱流動解析は通常運転状態と強制冷却喪失事故状態で行い、流量と燃料ブロックの熱伝達特性を定量的に強制対流モードと自然対流モードで評価した。炉心の自然対流を計算する炉心領域の30$$^{circ}$$セクターモデルも開発した。上部方向の質量流量率は1カラムモデルに比べてかなり減少した。さらにMHTGRのマルチホール型燃料ブロックをモデル化し、流量と熱伝達特性をピンインブロック型とマルチホール型で比較した。マルチホール型燃料ブロックはピンインブロック型より炉心の自然対流が大きくなった。

Passive heat removal performance is of primary concern for enhanced inherent safety of HTGR. In a loss of forced cooling accident, decay heat of fuels must be removed to graphite blocks by radiation, thermal conduction and natural convection in block-type HTGR. Because the temperature of fuels is strongly affected by natural convection of coolant in core region, it becomes important to estimate the behavior of natural convection in core region precisely. The numerical study is performed using thermal hydraulic CFD code with one column-model of fuel blocks which is represented explicitly as individual coolant channels in the fuel block. The thermal hydraulic analyses are conducted for normal operation and loss of forced cooling accident conditions, as results, the flow and heat transfer characteristics of fuel blocks are quantitatively evaluated both in forced convection mode and natural convection mode. The 30$$^{circ}$$ sector model of limited core region is also developed for CFD calculation of natural convection flow pattern in core. The mass flow rate of upward flow is considerably reduced from one column model. And further, multi-hole type fuel blocks of MHTGR are also modeled and compare the flow and heat transfer characteristics between multi-hole type and pin-in-block type fuel block. The multi-hole type fuel block raise more natural convection flow in core region than pin-in-block type.

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