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Heterophase fluctuations near $$T_{rm c}$$ in the relaxor ferroelectrics (1-x)Pb(Zn$$_{1/3}$$Nb$$_{2/3}$$)O$$_{3}$$-xPbTiO$$_{3}$$ ($$x$$ = 0.09) studied by X-ray diffuse scattering and coherent X-ray scattering

Owada, Kenji; Mizuki, Junichiro*; Matsushita, Mitsuyoshi*; Namikawa, Kazumichi*

The paraelectric (PE) to ferroelectric (FE) first-order phase transition of 0.91Pb(Zn$$_{1/3}$$Nb$$_{2/3}$$)O$$_{3}$$-0.09PbTiO$$_{3}$$ ($$T_{c}^{c}$$ = 455 K on cooling) has been studied by the complementary use of X-ray diffuse scattering (XDS) and coherent X-ray scattering (CXS). XDS was mainly used to investigate the FE regions, while CXS was mainly used to investigate the PE regions above $$T_{c}^{c}$$ on cooling. The diffuse scattering intensity due to the appearance of FE regions shows a maximum at $$T_{rm max}= 460$$ K. The diffuse scattering is dynamic in nature and the softening trend changes to a hardening trend at $$T_{rm max}$$. This means that the FE instability is maximum at $$T_{rm max}$$ and therefore the FE regions are well stabilized below $$T_{rm max} $$. The spatial autocorrelation function obtained by CXS, corresponding to the texture of PE regions, starts to rapidly change at about $$T_{rm max}$$ and is most unstable at $$T_{c}^{c}$$. We conclude that a heterophase fluctuation occurs between $$T_{c}^{c}$$ and $$T_{rm max}$$ near the phase transition. The heterophase fluctuation can be expected to correlate to the low-frequency dielectric dispersion and contribute to the phase transition as a precursor phenomenon of the first-order phase transition.

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Category:Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

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