Management strategy for radioactive waste in the fusion DEMO reactor

核融合原型炉における放射性廃棄物の管理戦略

染谷 洋二; 飛田 健次; 宇藤 裕康; 朝倉 伸幸; 坂本 宜照; 星野 一生; 中村 誠; 徳永 晋介

Someya, Yoji; Tobita, Kenji; Uto, Hiroyasu; Asakura, Nobuyuki; Sakamoto, Yoshiteru; Hoshino, Kazuo; Nakamura, Makoto; Tokunaga, Shinsuke

核融合原型炉において、炉内機器の定期保守時に発生する放射性廃棄物の減容化と管理シナリオ構築は重要な課題である。中性子による弾き出し損傷について三次元核計算の結果、主要な炉内機器であるブランケットとダイバータの交換周期が2.2年と0.6年と評価され、運転期間として20年を仮定すると定期保守時に発生する総廃棄物量は五万トンを超えることを明らかにした。さらに、減容化を目指して中性子損傷が低い構造体の再利用と希少金属であるベリリウム等の再処理を検討した結果、総廃棄物量を20%まで低減できることを明らかにした。また、定期交換後のブランケットとダイバータにおける誘導放射能の減衰特性に基づく冷却期間の差違と廃棄物処理工程を考慮し、建屋構成を含めて放射性廃棄物管理シナリオ概念を構築した。

The radioactive waste is generated in every replacement of an in-vessel component. Maintenance scheme is to replace the blanket segment and divertor cassette independently, as the lifetime of them is different. The blanket segment consists of some blanket modules mounted to back-plate. Total weight is estimated to amount to about 6,648 ton (1,575 ton of blanket module, 3,777 ton of back-plate, 372 ton of conducting shell and 924 ton of divertor cassette). In base case, main parameters of DEMO reactor are 8.2 m of major radius and 1.35 GW of fusion output. The lifetimes of blanket segment and divertor cassette are assumed to be 2.2 years and 0.6 year, respectively, 52,487 ton wastes is generated in plant life of 20 years. Therefore, there is a concern that a contamination controlled area for the radioactive waste may increase because much the waste is generated in every replacement. In this paper, management scenario is proposed to reduce the radioactive waste. The back-plates and cassette bodies (628 ton) of divertor was reused. As a result, the displacement per atom (DPA) of the back-plates of SUS316L was 0.2 DPA/year and that of the cassette bodies of F82H was 0.6 DPA/year. Therefore, reusing the back-plates and cassette bodies would be possible, if re-welding points are arranged under neutron shielding. It was found that radioactive waste could be reduced to 20%, when tritium breeding materials are recycled. Finally, a design of DEMO building such as a hot cell and temporary storage etc. is proposed.