Surface analysis

Esaka, Fumitaka  

Bulk analysis has been conventionally used for measuring solid materials. In contrast, surface analysis is extensively used for analyzing chemical compositions and chemical states of solid surface. The surface compositions often differ from those of bulk materials. Recently, doping of impurity elements and deposition of thin films on the surface of the materials are key techniques to fabricate functional materials. Therefore, surface analysis becomes important to characterize such materials. In this paper, the principle and feature of some surface analytical techniques are described.