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First ionization potentials of heaviest actinides, lawrencium and nobelium

Sato, Tetsuya   

It is known that an ionization efficiency of an element in surface ionization process depends on temperature and a work function of the surface, and the first ionization energy of the atom of the element to be ionized. We determined the first ionization energies of nobelium (No) and lawrencium (Lr) by using the newly developed method based on surface ionization process. The ionization energies have not been measured owing to its low production rate and short half-lives. Concerning Lr, the experimental value of the ionization energy is in good agreement of the theoretical one which calculated using the state-of-the-art relativistic calculation. The value of No is consistent with the value obtained by an extrapolation from lighter actinide elements.

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