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Current status of R&D of accelerator-driven system for minor actinide transmutation in JAEA

原子力機構におけるマイナーアクチノイド核変換を目的とした加速器駆動炉の研究開発の現状

辻本 和文 

Tsujimoto, Kazufumi

原子力エネルギーを持続的に利用していくための最も重要な課題の一つは高レベル放射性廃棄物(HLW)の取扱である。分離変換技術は、HLWの潜在的有害度やHLWの地層処分に関する管理負担の低減に有効であると考えられ、原子力機構ではHLW中の長寿命核種の核変換システムの一つとして加速器駆動核変換システム(ADS)の研究開発を行ってきている。原子力機構が提案しているADSは、熱出力800MWの液体鉛ビスマス冷却システムである。ADSの実現には解決すべき様々な課題があり、これらの技術開発課題に関して、原子力機構では様々な研究開発を実施しており、本発表では現在の研究開発の状況及び将来計画について報告する。

To continue the utilization of the nuclear fission energy, the management of the high-level radioactive waste (HLW) is one of the most important issues to be solved. Partitioning and Transmutation (P&T) technology of HLW is expected to be effective to mitigate the burden of the HLW disposal by reducing the radiological toxicity and heat generation. The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has been conducting the research and development (R&D) on accelerator-driven subcritical system (ADS) as a dedicated system for the transmutation of long-lived radioactive nuclides. The ADS proposed by JAEA is a lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) cooled fast subcritical reactor with thermal output of 800 MW. JAEA's reference design of ADS is a tank-type subcritical reactor, where lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is used as both the primary coolant and the spallation target. The central part of the core is the spallation target region. In the target region, LBE is flowing from the core bottom. The proton linac with the proton energy of 1.5 GeV is used for the accelerator to operate the ADS. A tank-type system is adopted to take advantage of a simple design and to eliminate the necessity of heavy primary piping. All primary components, including primary pumps, steam generators, and auxiliary heat exchangers, are accommodated within the reactor vessel. The primary cooling system includes two mechanical pumps and four steam generators. For the core fuel, (MA,Pu)-nitride is used. As inert matrix, zirconium-nitride (ZrN) is used with the fuel. Since the transmutation rate of MA is 250 kg/yr as described before, the relative transmutation efficiency of MA is about 10 %/yr. For ADS to play important roles in the nuclear fuel cycle, several critical issues have to be resolved. Items of R&D are divided into three technical areas peculiar to the ADS. For these technical areas, various R&D activities are progressing in JAEA.

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