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無知のヴェールによる決定方法は社会的受容を高めるか?; 日本における高レベル放射性廃棄物地層処分候補地選定を題材とした仮想シナリオ調査

Can the decision way by the "veil of ignorance" promote public acceptance?; A Hypothetical scenario survey about selecting a candidate site for geological disposal of high level radioactive waste in Japan

大沼 進*; 広瀬 幸雄*; 大澤 英昭  ; 大友 章司*; 横山 実紀*

Onuma, Susumu*; Hirose, Yukio*; Osawa, Hideaki; Otomo, Shoji*; Yokoyama, Miki*

高レベル放射性廃棄物地層処分候補地が決まらない理由の一つに、仮に必要性が理解できたとしても自分の居住地が候補地になってほしくないため、候補地名が上がった途端に反発が生じることがあげられる。そこで、誰もが潜在的に当事者となり得る状況(無知のヴェール下)であらかじめ決め方に合意し、その決め方で決まったならば、受容しやすくなるだろうか。日本全国を対象に調査を実施した。その結果、無知のヴェールによる決定方法は現状の政策よりも受容の程度が高く、無知のヴェールによる決め方で自分の居住地が候補地になったとしても現状の政策よりは受容が高かった。さらに、現状の政策は手続き的公正の評価が低いが、無知のヴェールによる決定は肯定的に評価されていた。

One reason of not being decided a candidate site for geological disposal of high level radioactive waste is that strong opposition occurs once a name of the place where residents live even if they can understand the necessity of the facility. Therefore, we hypothesized that people would accept the decision if they consent the decision way beforehand under the condition everyone can be involved in as a potential interest party (the ignorance of veil). A hypothetical scenario survey was conducted in Japan. The results revealed that the decision way and the decision under the ignorance of veil were likely to be accepted more than the current decision way even if they became candidate site. Moreover, the decision way under the ignorance of veil was evaluated higher procedural fairness, while the current way was low procedural fairness.

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