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1954年に日本各地で観測された雨水中全$$beta$$放射能の再検討

Review on the gross beta activity in rainwater observed throughout Japan in 1954

辻村 憲雄   

Tsujimura, Norio

1954年のビキニ核実験を機に国内で始まった雨水中全$$beta$$放射能の観測は長い歴史を持っているが、初期の観測と現在の観測とでは、雨水試料の採取方法が大きく異なる。そこで、新旧の観測値を直接比較することを目的に、1954年のビキニ水爆実験のときの観測値を例に、現在の方法での値への換算を行った。その結果、1954年5月に京都で観測された雨水中全$$beta$$放射能は、1L当たり1,800Bq及び1km$$^{2}$$当たり11,000MBqとなり、1966年12月の中華人民共和国の核実験後に国内で観測された過去最大値の10分の1未満であった。

Rainwater containing radioactive materials originating from the USA's nuclear weapon test conducted at Bikini Atoll was observed throughout Japan in 1954. It has been reported that the maximum gross beta activity observed at that time in Kyoto was 523 pCi/mL (19,000 Bq/L). This measurement, however, focused on the gross beta activity contained in a small amount of rain sampled at the beginning of rainfall, which is different from present observations that are based on the average gross beta activity contained in rain collected during a 24-h period. As a result of reviewing and converting the 1954 data to be equivalent to current measurement, the maximum value was reduced to 50 pCi/mL (1,800 Bq/L), with a resultant surface deposition density of 310 mCi/km$$^{2}$$ (11,000 MBq/km$$^{2}$$). These values are well below 1/10 of the past maximum observed a few days after China's fifth nuclear weapon test in 1966.

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