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Laboratory examination of combined effects of temperature rising and increased water fluctuation on CO$$_{2}$$ release from volcanic ash soils

温度上昇と水分変動増大が火山灰土壌のCO$$_{2}$$放出におよぼす複合的影響の培養実験による検証

永野 博彦   ; 安藤 麻里子  ; 小嵐 淳   

Nagano, Hirohiko; Atarashi-Andoh, Mariko; Koarashi, Jun

地球温暖化は土壌水分の季節変動を増大させる可能性がある。また、温度と水分は、陸域生態系の主要な炭素フラックスである土壌のCO$$_{2}$$放出に大きく影響する。しかし、気温が上昇し水分変動が増大した環境における土壌のCO$$_{2}$$放出挙動に関する我々の理解は、陸域炭素循環の将来的な温暖化に対するフィードバックを予測するには不十分である。本研究では、温度上昇と水分変動増大が火山灰土壌のCO$$_{2}$$放出に及ぼす複合的影響を明らかにするための培養実験を行っている。火山灰土壌は日本の主要な土壌であり、土壌有機物として炭素を安定化させる能力が高いと期待されている。土壌を20$$^{circ}$$Cで培養したとき、水分変動条件下でのCO$$_{2}$$放出は、水分一定条件での放出よりも最大50%大きかった。しかし、30$$^{circ}$$Cでの培養では、水分変動条件におけるCO$$_{2}$$放出の増大分が10%以下にまで減少した。30$$^{circ}$$Cにおける放出の20$$^{circ}$$Cにおける放出に対する比、Q10を比較すると、水分変動条件でのQ10(1.3-1.5)は、水分一定条件におけるQ10(1.5前後)と同等かそれよりも低かった。これらの予備的結果は、温度が上昇し水分変動が増大した環境での土壌CO$$_{2}$$放出を汎用的なCO$$_{2}$$放出モデル(いわゆるQ10モデル)を用いて予測するためには、モデルに設定されたQ10値や基礎放出量の修正が必要である可能性を示唆している。実験は現在も進行中であり、会議では追取得されるデータに基づき更なる考察を行う予定である。

Global warming may increase seasonal fluctuation of soil water conditions. Soil temperature and water fundamentally affect soil CO$$_{2}$$ release, a major carbon flux in terrestrial ecosystems. However, our understandings of soil CO$$_{2}$$ release under the increased temperature and fluctuated water conditions are still insufficient to infer the feedback of terrestrial carbon cycling in future worlds. In the present study, we are conducting laboratory incubation experiments for examining the combined effects of temperature rising and soil water fluctuation on CO$$_{2}$$ release from volcanic ash soils. We incubated volcanic ash soils under four combinatorial conditions of two temperatures (20 and 30$$^{circ}$$C) and two water conditions (a continuously constant water and a fluctuated water conditions). The rate of CO$$_{2}$$ release was periodically measured during the incubation. Then, the ratio of CO$$_{2}$$ release at 20$$^{circ}$$C to that at 30 $$^{circ}$$C, namely Q10, was expressed as the temperature sensitivity of soil CO$$_{2}$$ release. For the incubation at 20 $$^{circ}$$C, soil CO$$_{2}$$ release under the fluctuated water condition was up to 50% greater than that under the constant water condition. The excess of soil CO$$_{2}$$ release under the fluctuated water condition was, however, reduced to less than 10% for the incubation at 30$$^{circ}$$C. Thus, Q10 under the fluctuated water condition (1.3 to 1.5) was equivalent to or lower than that under the continuously constant water condition (around 1.5). These preliminary results offer the needs of modifying basal CO$$_{2}$$ release extent and Q10 value for inferring the soil CO$$_{2}$$ release under increased temperature and fluctuated water conditions. The experiments are still ongoing and results and further insights will be presented at the meeting.

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