A Study to define and categorize the essential elements for the denuclearization

Nakanishi, Hiroaki

This paper investigates the essential elements derived from a case study that examined denuclearization carried out in the past in several countries like South Africa, to clearly explain the actual definition of denuclearization. Specifically, the case study was based on a research conducted by examining denuclearization-related official documents such as agreements, protocols, declarations, statements, national laws, and concluded resolutions and reports which were enacted and published by the respective Governments and international organizations. As a result of this activity, the relevant essential elements were defined and categorized. Through this study, measures to physically remove nuclear weapons and programs from these countries were defined and categorized into the following two elements: firstly, the disablement, dismantling, disposal, removal, freezing of nuclear weapons, programs, and activities; and secondly, the assurance to prohibit nuclear explosive tests. In addition, in terms of scientific and technical aspects of the denuclearization process, it also identified that the prohibition of the re-acquisition of nuclear weapons and programs could be a third essential element of denuclearization. Lastly, this study recommended measures to address concerns for the scientists, engineers, technical staffs who were involved in the country's nuclear weapons program, and the country's know-how on the manufacturing of nuclear weapons, including illegal procurement routes of nuclear weapon-related components. The following necessary actions are recommended: first, the measures preventing such technology outflow (e.g. re-employment of relevant individuals and export control); second, the application and implementation of the IAEA safeguards; third, the capacity-building support activities for the implementation of IAEA safeguards and strengthening the country's nuclear security; and fourth, the establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the region.