非核化達成のための要因分析に関する研究,1; 南アフリカ: 核開発と非核化の動機及び非核化の特徴について

Research on factor analysis for achieving denuclearization, 1; South Africa: Motivations for nuclear weapons development, incentives for denuclearization and characteristics of its denuclearization

田崎 真樹子 ; 木村 隆志 ; 清水 亮 ; 玉井 広史 ; 中谷 隆良 ; 須田 一則 

Tazaki, Makiko; Kimura, Takashi; Shimizu, Ryo; Tamai, Hiroshi; Nakatani, Takayoshi; Suda, Kazunori

南アフリカは、核兵器を開発、製造、保持したが、後に核兵器及び関連機器等を解体・廃棄した。その後、非核兵器国として核兵器不拡散条約に加盟、国際原子力機関と包括的保障措置協定を締結し、原子力平和利用を実施している。南アフリカの非核化は、アパルトヘイト政策という特殊な制度が存在したという事情はあるものの、過去の非核化の良好事例の一つと言える。そのような南アフリカの核兵器開発や核開発のインセンティブ及び非核化の特徴を分析することは、現在及び将来の核開発の阻止及び非核化に参考となると思われる。

South Africa had developed, manufactured, and possessed nuclear weapons, but later dismantled them all together with related facilities and equipment. After joining Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons as a non-nuclear weapon state and concluding a Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement with the Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), it started peaceful use of nuclear energy. In that sense, South Africa's denuclearization is one of good examples of past denuclearization in the world, although the South Africa's specific policy of apartheid had been deeply connected with its nuclear weapons development and denuclearization. Analysing South Africa's motivations for nuclear weapons development, incentives for denuclearization, and characteristics of its denuclearization could serve as a good reference for not only preventing nuclear weapons development but also considering their denuclearization in current and future states.