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Comparative evaluation of response reliability during accidents in light water reactors and fast reactors

事故時対応の信頼性に関する軽水炉と高速炉の比較評価

鈴木 正昭*; 出町 和之*; 高屋 茂  ; 近澤 佳隆  

Suzuki, Masaaki*; Demachi, Kazuyuki*; Takaya, Shigeru; Chikazawa, Yoshitaka

運転経験が限られる新型炉に関して、安全性確保のために重要な機能や機器を特定するためには、リスク情報を活用して各炉型の特徴を考慮することが必要である。本研究では、事故時の対応能力の信頼性及び裕度に関して軽水炉と高速炉の比較を実施した。地震の発生及び原子炉冷却材の漏えいを想定した事故シナリオについて、主要機器の破損確率を不確かさも含めて設定し、事故対応策の成功確率及び裕度から定まるレジリエンス指標を評価した。軽水炉と高速炉のいずれの評価結果も高いレジリエンス能力を示したが、時間的な裕度に関して差が確認された。

To identify functions and facilities that are critical for ensuring safety in advanced reactors, for which only a limited usage history is available, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of each reactor type by utilizing more risk-related information. In this study, we compare the response capability during an accident for light water reactors and fast reactors to quantitatively evaluate the impact of the reactor type on resilience. A resilience evaluation procedure is developed for assessing the response margin and response reliability of a nuclear power plant during an accident; this procedure is then applied to a simple pressurized-water reactor and a sodium-cooled fast reactor plant model using an accident scenario involving an earthquake and leakage of coolant from the primary heat-transport system. Our research indicates a relatively large difference between the response reliability with respect to time for the two reactor types.

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