放射性セシウム流出量に及ぼす林床状況の影響; 福島の山林の事例

An Effect of forest floor condition on radiocesium outflow in mountainous forest of Fukushima, Japan

新里 忠史  ; 佐々木 祥人 ; 渡辺 貴善 ; 雨宮 浩樹*

Niizato, Tadafumi; Sasaki, Yoshito; Watanabe, Takayoshi; Amamiya, Hiroki*

福島の山地森林における林床状況とセシウム137(Cs)流出量の関連を把握するため、除染地,未除染地および林野火災の延焼跡地において3年間の長期観測を実施した。除染や延焼により失われた林床被覆が回復するのに伴いCs流出量は減少し、除染地では除染直後の3.24%から0.61%へ、延焼跡地では延焼直後の2.79%から0.03%へと低下した。林床被覆が60%を超えると未除染地や非延焼地と同程度の流出量となり、林床被覆60%は、観測地における流出影響の閾値と考えられる。延焼跡地では林床被覆の回復に伴い、流出物の主体が土壌粒子からリター片に変化したことも、Cs流出量の低下に寄与した。山地森林の林床が本来有する土壌侵食に対する保護機能は、Cs流出抑制に効果的である。

A three-year monitoring of Cs outflow associated with soil erosion from decontaminated and burnt sites using an experimental plot was conducted in a mountainous forest of Fukushima, Japan. Corresponding with recovery of the forest floor cover, such as undergrowth and litter layer, the Cs outflow during the monitoring period in the rainy season of Fukushima decreased from 3.24% to 0.61% and 2.79% to 0.03% in the decontaminated and burnt sites, respectively. The forest floor cover ratio of 60% or more is a threshold for an effect on the Cs outflow in the monitoring sites. In the burnt site, a change of dominant outflowed materials from soil particles into litter and its fragments also contributes to the decreasing in the Cs outflow. A protective function of forest floor cover against the soil erosion inherent in the natural forest environment is effective for the migration control of the Cs outflow.